BackgroundPersecution and conflicts in countries like Vietnam and Myanmar force many to flee their countries to those with more resources, such as Australia, in search of a better life. However, maternal integration into the new society is often compounded by the task of nurturing her infant while she navigates unfamiliar and contrasting socio-cultural norms, ideologies and expectations. While global data show that child malnutrition due to sub-optimal feeding practices are high in lower income countries, there is no recent data that showcase the infant feeding experiences of refugee mothers from Vietnam and Myanmar in Australia or globally. Thus, an understanding of the beliefs, practices and experiences related to infant feeding decisions in their new homeland would help healthcare and policy sectors focus attention on aspects of maternal infant feeding negotiations that require attention.
Research objectivesThis research was designed to understand infant feeding beliefs, practices and experiences, and the cultural meanings of maternal and infant health in Vietnamese and Myanmarese refugee women in Australia. The objectives were to 1) define the post-birth rituals and its connection with infant feeding; 2) understand the cultural definition and maternal management of optimal infant health in changing contexts; 3) explore infant feeding experiences in relation to societal norms, networks and social structures pre-and post-resettlement; and 4) examine the embodied experiences of nurturing in traditional and modernistic contexts.
MethodologyThis study employed qualitative research methods to explore the infant feeding experiences of Vietnamese and Myanmarese mothers who have resettled in Brisbane, Australia.Phenomenological-, feminism-, and postmodern-informed methodological frameworks were used to guide data collection through in-depth interviewing and drawing methods. Most mothers had one follow-up interview and were given the freedom to express their voices through artwork at their preferred phase of the interview. Data surrounding infant feeding beliefs, practices, experiences and negotiations in social spheres were gathered. Verbal and visual data were analysed thematically and ii using the critical visual analytical framework respectively and later juxtaposed with the interview themes. There were thirty-eight participants; 16 from Vietnam and 22 from Myanmar. Half of the Vietnamese mothers were recent arrivals (< 10 years), while the remainder arrived in Australia as children or teenagers (> 20 years). Participants from Myanmar were all recent arrivals (< 10 years), and from four ethnic groups (Karen, Karenni, Chin and Kachin).
Results and discussionsThe findings and discussion of this study were situated within four theories: Liminality; Maternalinfant Embodiment and Inter-embodiment; Motherhood Risk and Responsibility; and Bourdieu's Theory of Practice. Four main themes were derived from the data: Infant feeding beliefs; Maternal ways of knowing infant health and growth; Negotiations of infant feeding beli...