<i>Wave Propagation in a Turbulent Medium</i>

Tatarski, V. I.; Silverman, Richard A.; Chako, Nicholas

doi:10.1063/1.3057286

Cited by 1,524 publications

(640 citation statements)

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“…These results are well known (Monin and Yaglom 1971;Tatarski 1967). Fluctuations in the gas density N are assumed negligible.…”

Section: \7u=osupporting

confidence: 58%

Anisotropic Dispersion of a Charged Particle Swarm in a Turbulent Gas in an Electrostatic Field

Robson¹

1993

Aust. J. Phys.

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This paper generalises an earlier result of Saffman (1960) to account for cross effects between turbulent and molecular diffusion for charged particle swarms in a gas in the presence of an electrostatic field. It is shown that turbulence enhances the anisotropic character of diffusion. The desirability of using a full kinetic theory analysis as against a limited hydrodynamic description of the swarm is discussed, and one possible tractable approach pointed out.

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“…These results are well known (Monin and Yaglom 1971;Tatarski 1967). Fluctuations in the gas density N are assumed negligible.…”

Section: \7u=osupporting

confidence: 58%

Anisotropic Dispersion of a Charged Particle Swarm in a Turbulent Gas in an Electrostatic Field

Robson¹

1993

Aust. J. Phys.

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“…A straightforward method would be to extrapolate the power spectrum by modelling the smallscale variance as a fractal power-law function (E k ∼ |k| b ), where the spectral exponent would need to be a function of the elevation angle θ to account for the stability of the atmosphere and maybe of the azimuth ϕ in case of horizontal anisotropies. This view is most appropriate if the cloud water is understood as a conservative passive additive to homogeneous turbulence (Tatarski, 1961;Erkelens et al, 2001). This assumption likely holds and is often found to be an accurate description for stratiform clouds over the ocean (Cahalan et al, 1994;Davis et al, 1999), but may fail for ice clouds or convective clouds.…”

Section: Extrapolated Spectrum-standard Downscaled Cloud Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new algorithm for the downscaling of cloud fields

Venema

Garc

Simmer

2010

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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We present a novel algorithm for the downscaling of three-dimensional cloud fields. The goal of the algorithm is to add realistic subscale variability to a coarse field taking the resolved variability into account. The method is tested by coarse graining high-resolution sparse cumulus and broken stratocumulus clouds in the horizontal plane, downscaling these coarse fields back to the high resolution and comparing the radiative and microphysical properties of these downscaled fields with the original high-resolution fields. The resolutions of the cumulus and stratocumulus clouds used for this purpose are increased by a factor of four and ten, respectively. The downscaling decreases the errors in the flux transmittance and reflectance of the cumulus and stratocumulus cloud fields by at least a factor of ten and three, respectively, compared to utilising the coarse cloud fields. A novel aspect of our algorithm is the fact that it constrains the high-resolution fields of cloud liquid water content as well as the subscale cloud fraction. An alternative version that does not include cloud fraction information is less accurate, but still significantly better than using the coarse fields. The latter downscaling algorithm can also be utilised for the disaggregation of geophysical fields for which fractional coverages are not defined. Furthermore, the downscaling algorithm can be combined with our other algorithms to generate surrogate fields with other constraints, for example, surrogate clouds with a prescribed liquid water content height distribution.

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“…Unfortunately, in many cases during the nighttime, the eddy sizes are much smaller than the baseline lengths, and the measured structure functions start to "saturate" at some spatial scales [Tatarski, 1961;Jacobson and Sramek, 1997], which leave the power law fitting inappropriate. For the purpose of qualitative examinations, we will choose a common power exponent and compute C accordingly.…”

Section: Homogeneity and Isotropismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of precipitable water vapor fluctuations in convective boundary layer via microwave interferometry

Shao¹,

Carlos²,

Kirkland³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. At microwave frequencies, each centimeter of precipitable water vapor (PWV) causes about 6.45 cm of extra electrical path length relative to the "dry" air. The fluctuations of the water vapor dominate the changes of the effective path length through the atmosphere in a relatively short time period of a few hours. In this paper we describe a microwave interferometer developed for water vapor investigations and present the observation results. The interferometer consists of 10 antennas along two orthogonal 400-m arms that form many baselines (antenna pairs) ranging from 100 to 400 m. All the antennas receive a common CW signal (11.7 GHz) from a geostationary television satellite, and phase differences between paris of antennas are measured. The phase differences reflect the column-integrated water vapor differences from the top of the atmosphere to the spatially separated antennas at the ground. The interferometric, baseline-differential measurements allow us to study the statistical properties of the PWV fluctuations, as well as the turbulent activity of the convective boundary layer (CBL). Structure function analysis of the interferometer measurements shows good agreement with results obtained from the Very Large Array (VLA) and with a theoretical model developed for radio astronomical very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), reported previously by other investigators. The diurnally varying structure constant correlates remarkably well with the combination of the latent and sensible heat fluxes measured simultaneously from a 10-m meteorological tower. The average drift velocity of the PWV over the interferometer was also derived from the measurements. The derived velocity agrees well during the morning hours with the wind measured by an anemometer at the center of the interferometer.

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Wave Propagation in a Turbulent Medium

Cited by 1,524 publications

References 0 publications

Anisotropic Dispersion of a Charged Particle Swarm in a Turbulent Gas in an Electrostatic Field

Anisotropic Dispersion of a Charged Particle Swarm in a Turbulent Gas in an Electrostatic Field

A new algorithm for the downscaling of cloud fields

Observations of precipitable water vapor fluctuations in convective boundary layer via microwave interferometry

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