<i>WUSCHEL-related homeobox</i>
            family genes in rice control lateral root primordium size

Kawai, Tsubasa; Shibata, K; Akahoshi, Ryosuke; Nishiuchi, Shunsaku; Takahashi, Hirokazu; Nakazono, Mikio; Kojima, Takaaki; Nosaka-Takahashi, Misuzu; Satō, Yutaka; Toyoda, Atsushi; Lucob-Agustin, Nonawin; Kano‐Nakata, Mana; Suralta, Roel Rodriguez; Niones, Jonathan M.; Chen, Yinglong; Siddique, Kadambot H. M.; Yamauchi, Akira; Inukai, Yoshiaki

doi:10.1073/pnas.2101846119

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This study provides an elegant example of how model‐driven phenotype predictions can help inform researchers and breeders about which root traits should be prioritized for selection. In this specific case, the recent identification of regulatory genes determining S‐type versus l ‐type lateral root identity (Kawai et al, 2022) enables marker‐assisted (as well as phenome) based selection approaches to be accelerated.…”

Section: Root Cell Type‐specific Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root phenotypes for the future

Amtmann

Bennett

Henry

2022

Plant Cell & Environment

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Root phenotypes play profoundly important roles supporting plant growth and their adaptive responses to myriad environmental stresses. For example, architecture-scale traits such as root angle can have a major impact on foraging efficiency for immobile and mobile soil nutrients such as phosphate and nitrate, respectively (Schneider et al., 2022). Increasing evidence supports the importance of anatomical-scale traits, such as root hair length and xylem size, conferring abiotic stress tolerance in crops (Cai et al., 2022;Cornelis & Hazak 2022;Kohli et al., 2022), whilst major steps are being made to dissect molecular-scale adaptive mechanisms, such as ways roots detoxify metals and metalloids (Kirk et al., 2022;Podar & Maathuis, 2022). Knowledge of these root phenotypes and their underlying regulatory genes is vital for developing future crop varieties better adapted to the challenges presented by global climate change and the pressing need to support more sustainable agricultural practices. This represents a multi-scale and -disciplinary endeavour, spanning agronomy, molecular biology, phenomics, breeding, soil science, and ecology to study, discover and decipher the key environmental stresses, adaptive root phenotypes, and their underlying mechanisms (Figure 1). In this editorial, we give an overview of the content of the Special Issue of Plant, Cell & Environment on "Root Phenotypes for the Future." Based on the articles collated in this Special Issue we discuss emerging root traits and their regulatory mechanisms. The arising new insights underpin efforts to create crop varieties more resilient against future environmental stresses and better adapted to sustainable soil management practices.

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Section: Root Cell Type‐specific Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root phenotypes for the future

Amtmann

Bennett

Henry

2022

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…In addition, the length of thicker roots (>150 μm) increased with root cutting, but thinner RL did not change in section 1 in the mutant ( Supplementary Figure S7 ). qhb/Oswox5 is defective in S-type LR formation, which includes second-order LRs, but L-type LR formation after root cutting was promoted more than in the wild-type, Taichung 65 ( Kawai et al, 2022 ). Thus, root cutting promoted L-type LR formation in the mutant, but did not increase S-type LRs, which increases RD after root cutting ( Figure 3D ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reduced LRs and gravitropism (Kitomi et al, 2012) qhb/Oswox5 Reduced CRs and S-type LRs and increased L-type LRs after root cutting (Kawai et al, 2022) three to six replications per genotype were analyzed their shoot and root traits.…”

Section: Osiaa13mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Genotypes Express Compensatory Root Growth With Altered Root Distributions in Response to Root Cutting

et al. 2022

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Root systems play a pivotal role in water and nutrient uptake from soil. Lateral root (LR) growth is promoted to compensate for inhibited main root growth. Compensatory LR growth contributes to maintaining total root length (TRL) and hence water and nutrient uptake in compacted soils. However, it remains unclear how shoot and root phenotypic traits change during the compensatory growth and whether there are genotypic variations in compensatory root growth. This study analyzed shoot and root morphological traits of 20 rice genotypes, which includes mutants with altered root morphology, during the vegetative stage using a semihydroponic phenotyping system. The phenotyping experiment detected large variation in root and shoot traits among the 20 genotypes. Morphological changes induced by root cutting were analyzed in six selected genotypes with contrasting root system architecture. Root cutting significantly affected root distribution along vertical sections and among diameter classes. After root cutting, more roots distributed at shallower depth and thicker LRs developed. Furthermore, genotypes with deeper root growth without root cutting allocated more compensatory roots to deeper sections even after root cutting than the genotypes with shallower rooting. Due to the compensatory LR growth, root cutting did not significantly affect TRL, root dry weight (RDW), or shoot dry weight (SDW). To analyze the interaction between crown root (CR) number and compensatory root growth, we removed half of the newly emerged CRs in two genotypes. TRL of YRL38 increased at depth with CR number manipulation (CRM) regardless of root tip excision, which was attributed to an increase in specific root length (SRL), despite no change in RDW. Taken together, the tested rice genotypes exhibited compensatory root growth by changing root distribution at depth and in diameter classes. Reducing CR number promoted root development and compensatory growth by improving the efficiency of root development [root length (RL) per resource investment].

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“…Lateral roots are derived from the pericycle and endodermal cells of the main roots in rice. The LR type is characterized during the LRP stage with distinct size of meristem formed in the two types ( Kawata and Shibayama, 1965 ; Kawai et al, 2022a ). Root tip excision was used to analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of LRP size, which promotes L-type LR formation ( Sasaki et al, 1984 ; Kawai et al, 2017 , 2022b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Root tip excision was used to analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of LRP size, which promotes L-type LR formation ( Sasaki et al, 1984 ; Kawai et al, 2017 , 2022b ). Transcriptome analysis suggested the upregulation of auxin signaling in L-type LRP than S-types, which possibly induces the expression of OsWOX10 , a positive regulator of LR diameter ( Kawai et al, 2022a ). In another study, a rice mutant, weg1 , was selected for its promoted L-type LR formation with a wavy main root phenotype ( Lucob-Agustin et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin Distribution in Lateral Root Primordium Development Affects the Size and Lateral Root Diameter of Rice

et al. 2022

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Lateral roots (LRs) occupy a large part of the root system and play a central role in plant water and nutrient uptake. Monocot plants, such as rice, produce two types of LRs: the S-type (short and thin) and the L-type (long, thick, and capable of further branching). Because of the ability to produce higher-order branches, the L-type LR formation contributes to efficient root system expansion. Auxin plays a major role in regulating the root system development, but its involvement in developing different types of LRs is largely unknown. Here, we show that auxin distribution is involved in regulating LR diameter. Dynamin-related protein (DRP) genes were isolated as causative genes of the mutants with increased L-type LR number and diameter than wild-type (WT). In the drp mutants, reduced endocytic activity was detected in rice protoplast and LRs with a decreased OsPIN1b-GFP endocytosis in the protoplast. Analysis of auxin distribution using auxin-responsive promoter DR5 revealed the upregulated auxin signaling in L-type LR primordia (LRP) of the WT and the mutants. The application of polar auxin transport inhibitors enhanced the effect of exogenous auxin to increase LR diameter with upregulated auxin signaling in the basal part of LRP. Inducible repression of auxin signaling in the mOsIAA3-GR system suppressed the increase in LR diameter after root tip excision, suggesting a positive role of auxin signaling in LR diameter increase. A positive regulator of LR diameter, OsWOX10, was auxin-inducible and upregulated in the drp mutants more than the WT, and revealed as a potential target of ARF transcriptional activator. Therefore, auxin signaling upregulation in LRP, especially at the basal part, induces OsWOX10 expression, increasing LR diameter.

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WUSCHEL-related homeobox family genes in rice control lateral root primordium size

Cited by 38 publications

References 45 publications

Root phenotypes for the future

Root phenotypes for the future

Rice Genotypes Express Compensatory Root Growth With Altered Root Distributions in Response to Root Cutting

Auxin Distribution in Lateral Root Primordium Development Affects the Size and Lateral Root Diameter of Rice

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