Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri Pathogenicity, a Review

Abstract

The infectious process of plant by bacteria is not a simple, isolated and fortuitous event. Instead, it requires a vast collection of molecular and cell singularities present in bacteria in order to reach target tissues and ensure successful cell thriving. The bacterium Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri is the etiological agent of citrus canker, this disease affects almost all types of commercial citrus crops. In this chapter we review the main structural and functional bacterial features at phenotypical and genotypical level that are responsible for the symptomatology and disease spread in a susceptible host. Biological features such as: bacterial attachment, antagonism, effector production, quorum sensing regulation and genetic plasticity are the main topics of this review.

Microbial and Plant Derived Low Risk Pesticides Having Nematocidal Activity

“…Six sesquiterpenes (87-79, Figure 4) and cyclodepsipeptides (93-95, Figure 4) were isolated from Trichoderma longibrachiatum, which is a fungus obtained from the root of Suaeda glauca, a highly halophilic plant collected from the intertidal zone of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. Compound 87, which possess a rare an original norsesquiterpene tricyclic-6/5/5-[4.3.1.0 1,6 ]decane skeleton, was named trichodermene. Compound (87) and the sesquiterpenes 88 and 89 showed significant antifungal activities against Colletotrichum lagenarium, even better than those of the commercial synthetic fungicide carbendazim.…”

“…Unfortunately, this request was negatively affected by a strong reduction in natural resources, the diffused environmental pollution, and noteworthy climate changes [3,4]. In addition to these factors, farmers are forced to combat the natural enemies of agrarian plants, such as pathogens, bacteria, fungi, viruses, weeds, parasitic plants, dangerous insect, and nematodes [5][6][7]. The spread and survival of these enemies has been controlled using different methods, including mechanic and agronomy strategies.…”