<i>Xylaria necrophora</i>, sp. nov., is an emerging root-associated pathogen responsible for taproot decline of soybean in the southern United States

Garcia-Aroca, Teddy; Price, Paul P.; Tomaso‐Peterson, Maria; Allen, Tom; Wilkerson, Tessie; Spurlock, Terry; Faske, Travis; Bluhm, Burt H.; Conner, Kassie; Sikora, Edward J.; Guyer, Rachel; Kelly, Heather; Squiers, Brooklyn M; Doyle, Vinson P.

doi:10.1080/00275514.2020.1846965

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Field symptoms are often localized; symptomatic plants are clustered, one to two meters within a row or adjacent rows. The disease pattern is consistent with a soilborne pathogen, as conidia or ascospore production has not been observed in situ [ 1 ]. Since initial observations of TRD, disease occurrence has increased within the United States and is now widespread in soybean production throughout the southern United States [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Taproot decline (TRD) of soybean is an emerging disease of soybean that has warranted much attention within the past five years. As the name indicates, the taproot is attacked by the pathogen Xylaria necrophora [ 1 ]. The lower soybean stem and taproot appear black, dry, and brittle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since initial observations of TRD, disease occurrence has increased within the United States and is now widespread in soybean production throughout the southern United States [ 2 , 3 ]. Significant yield loss associated with TRD has been reported in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Tennessee [ 1 , 4 , 5 ]. Early results indicate that host tolerance is the best management approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metagenomic Analyses of the Soybean Root Mycobiome and Microbiome Reveal Signatures of the Healthy and Diseased Plants Affected by Taproot Decline

et al. 2022

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Invading pathogens interact with plant-associated microbial communities, which can be altered under the pressure of pathogen infection. Limited information exists on plant–microbe interactions occurring during natural outbreaks in agricultural fields. Taproot decline (TRD) of soybean is an emerging disease caused by Xylaria necrophora. TRD disease occurrence and yield loss associated with TRD are outstanding issues in soybean production. We applied nuclear ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacers and 16S rRNA gene taxonomic marker sequencing to define the composition of the fungal and bacterial communities associated with healthy and diseased soybean roots collected from the Mississippi Delta. The plant compartment was a significant factor regulating taxonomic diversity, followed by the disease status of the plant. TRD impacted the root endophytes, causing imbalances; at the intermediate and advanced stages of TRD, X. necrophora decreased mycobiome diversity, whereas it increased microbiome richness. Networks of significant co-occurrence and co-exclusion relationships revealed direct and indirect associations among taxa and identified hubs with potential roles in assembling healthy and TRD-affected soybean biomes. These studies advance the understanding of host–microbe interactions in TRD and the part of biomes in plant health and disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metagenomic Analyses of the Soybean Root Mycobiome and Microbiome Reveal Signatures of the Healthy and Diseased Plants Affected by Taproot Decline

et al. 2022

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“…We recommend using OA with low concentrations under alternative fluorescent light to induce sporulation of Xylaria endophytes as more and more studies successfully sporulate Xylaria species with this medium [ 45 , 111 ]. The three new species, Xylaria insolita , X. necrophora , and X. subescharoidea , have been introduced recently with asexual morph sporulated on OA [ 117 , 118 ]. Due to a lack of full information for type species, we did not designate any novel Xylaria species in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The collection of the resulting set of tens of thousands of genetic reads in parallel contributes to understanding historical, functional, and ecological biodiversity [ 2 , 122 ]. HTS application to fungal endophytes reveals some sympatric cryptic species, which discovered taxa that could not grow on artificial media [ 118 , 123 , 124 ]. Meanwhile, the HTS often produces false negative or erroneous results, and its application normally requires multiple barcoding reads into operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which is feasible to discern environmental DNA to generic levels but loses information on intraspecific diversity [ 122 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multigene Phylogeny Reveals Endophytic Xylariales Novelties from Dendrobium Species from Southwestern China and Northern Thailand

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Doilom

et al. 2022

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Xylariales are common endophytes of Dendrobium. However, xylarialean species resolution remains difficult without sequence data and poor sporulation on artificial media and asexual descriptions for only several species and old type material. The surface-sterilized and morph-molecular methods were used for fungal isolation and identification. A total of forty-seven strains were identified as twenty-three species belonging to Apiosporaceae, Hypoxylaceae, Induratiaceae, and Xylariaceae. Five new species—Annulohypoxylon moniliformis, Apiospora dendrobii, Hypoxylon endophyticum, H. officinalis and Nemania dendrobii were discovered. Three tentative new species were speculated in Xylaria. Thirteen known fungal species from Hypoxylon, Nemania, Nigrospora, and Xylaria were also identified. Another two strains were only identified at the genus and family level (Induratia sp., Hypoxylaceae sp.). This study recorded 12 new hosts for xylarialean endophytes. This is the first report of Xylariales species as endophytes from Dendrobium aurantiacum var. denneanum, D. cariniferum, D. harveyanum, D. hercoglossum, D. moniliforme, and D. moschatum. Dendrobium is associated with abundant xylarialean taxa, especially species of Hypoxylon and Xylaria. We recommend the use of oat agar with low concentrations to induce sporulation of Xylaria strains.

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Breeding for disease resistance in soybean: a global perspective

et al. 2022

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Key message This review provides a comprehensive atlas of QTLs, genes, and alleles conferring resistance to 28 important diseases in all major soybean production regions in the world. Abstract Breeding disease-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties is a common goal for soybean breeding programs to ensure the sustainability and growth of soybean production worldwide. However, due to global climate change, soybean breeders are facing strong challenges to defeat diseases. Marker-assisted selection and genomic selection have been demonstrated to be successful methods in quickly integrating vertical resistance or horizontal resistance into improved soybean varieties, where vertical resistance refers to R genes and major effect QTLs, and horizontal resistance is a combination of major and minor effect genes or QTLs. This review summarized more than 800 resistant loci/alleles and their tightly linked markers for 28 soybean diseases worldwide, caused by nematodes, oomycetes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The major breakthroughs in the discovery of disease resistance gene atlas of soybean were also emphasized which include: (1) identification and characterization of vertical resistance genes reside rhg1 and Rhg4 for soybean cyst nematode, and exploration of the underlying regulation mechanisms through copy number variation and (2) map-based cloning and characterization of Rps11 conferring resistance to 80% isolates of Phytophthora sojae across the USA. In this review, we also highlight the validated QTLs in overlapping genomic regions from at least two studies and applied a consistent naming nomenclature for these QTLs. Our review provides a comprehensive summary of important resistant genes/QTLs and can be used as a toolbox for soybean improvement. Finally, the summarized genetic knowledge sheds light on future directions of accelerated soybean breeding and translational genomics studies.

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Xylaria necrophora, sp. nov., is an emerging root-associated pathogen responsible for taproot decline of soybean in the southern United States

Cited by 12 publications

References 78 publications

Metagenomic Analyses of the Soybean Root Mycobiome and Microbiome Reveal Signatures of the Healthy and Diseased Plants Affected by Taproot Decline

Metagenomic Analyses of the Soybean Root Mycobiome and Microbiome Reveal Signatures of the Healthy and Diseased Plants Affected by Taproot Decline

Multigene Phylogeny Reveals Endophytic Xylariales Novelties from Dendrobium Species from Southwestern China and Northern Thailand

Breeding for disease resistance in soybean: a global perspective

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