<i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>O:3 Infections in Infants and Children, Associated with the Household Preparation of Chitterlings

Lee, L A; Gerber, Annegret; Lonsway, David; Smith, J G; Carter, G P; Puhr, Nancy D.; Parrish, Christine; Sikes, R K; Finton, Robert J.; Tauxe, Robert V.

doi:10.1056/nejm199004053221407

Cited by 180 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Bioserotypes 1B/O:8, 2/O:5,27, 2/O:9, 3/O:3, and 4/O:3 are associated commonly with human disease. Of these, bioserotype 4/O:3 strains have been responsible for yersiniosis cases in Europe, the United States, Canada, and Japan (3)(4)(5)(6). Recently, bioserotype 2/O:9 infections have been on the rise (7)(8)(9).…”

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Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis in Genotyping Yersinia enterocolitica Strains from Human and Porcine Origins

et al. 2013

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c Sporadic and epidemiologically linked Yersinia enterocolitica strains (n ‫؍‬ 379) isolated from fecal samples from human patients, tonsil or fecal samples from pigs collected at slaughterhouses, and pork samples collected at meat stores were genotyped using multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) with six loci, i.e., V2A, V4, V5, V6, V7, and V9. In total, 312 different MLVA types were found. Similar types were detected (i) in fecal samples collected from human patients over 2 to 3 consecutive years, (ii) in samples from humans and pigs, and (iii) in samples from pigs that originated from the same farms. Among porcine strains, we found farm-specific MLVA profiles. Variations in the numbers of tandem repeats from one to four for variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci V2A, V5, V6, and V7 were observed within a farm. MLVA was applicable for serotypes O:3, O:5,27, and O:9 and appeared to be a highly discriminating tool for distinguishing sporadic and outbreak-related strains. With long-term use, interpretation of the results became more challenging due to variations in more-discriminating loci, as was observed for strains originating from pig farms. Additionally, we encountered unexpectedly short V2A VNTR fragments and sequenced them. According to the sequencing results, updated guidelines for interpreting V2A VNTR results were prepared.

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Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis in Genotyping Yersinia enterocolitica Strains from Human and Porcine Origins

et al. 2013

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“…There is no documentation of outbreaks associated with contaminated pork. Household preparation of chitterlings made of pig intestines caused an outbreak of 15 Yenterocolitica 0:3 infections in the United States (15). In Finland, outbreaks have been documented among nurses caring for patients with yersinia diarrhea and among patients in the same hospital wards (16,17), as well as among families of patients (18).…”

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Antibodies against Yersinia among farmers and slaughterhouse workers.

Seuri¹,

Granfors²

1992

Scand J Work Environ Health

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SEURI M, GRANFORS K. Ant ibod ies against Yersinia among farmer s and slaughterhouse workers . Scand J Work Environ Health 1992;18:128-132. Antibodies to immuno globulins (Ig) M, G, and A against Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes 0:3 , 0:5, 0:8, and 0 :9 and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype s I and III were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay of the serum samples of 161 slaughterhouse workers, 147 pig farmer s, and 114 grain or berry farmer s. The crude risk ratio s for elevated serum antibody concentrations were calculated with the use of the grain and berr y farmers as the reference population. The risk for an elevated Yenterocolitica 0 :3 Ig G concentration was 3.0 (95070 confidence interval (95070 CI) 1.3-7.1) for the pig farmers and 1.8 (95070 CI 0.7-4.4) for the slaughterhouse workers and the respective risks for elevated Yenterocolitica 0:9 Ig G were 2.4 (95070 CI 1.1-5.5) and 1.7 (95070 CI 0.7-4.0) . Since these two serotypes are commonly associated with swine, the increased number of subjects with elevated antibody levels could be causally related to occupational contact with this animal.

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“…The American serotypes (08, 04,32, 013a,13b, 018, 020, and 021) are isolated from patients with human diseases in the United States, while the non-American serotypes (03, 09, and 05,27) are the most common causes of human disease outside the United States. However, in recent years, the geographical barriers have been breaking down (4,7,21,26). A dramatic illustration of this was an outbreak in Atlanta of yersiniosis due to a non-American serotype 03 strain during the winter of 1988 to 1989; acquisition of the infecting organism was associated with contact with raw chitterlings (26).…”

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“…However, in recent years, the geographical barriers have been breaking down (4,7,21,26). A dramatic illustration of this was an outbreak in Atlanta of yersiniosis due to a non-American serotype 03 strain during the winter of 1988 to 1989; acquisition of the infecting organism was associated with contact with raw chitterlings (26).…”

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Amino acid substitutions in naturally occurring variants of ail result in altered invasion activity

Beer

Miller

1992

J Bacteriol

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Yersinia enterocolitica is the causative agent of a variety of gastrointestinal syndromes ranging from acute enteritis to mesenteric lymphadenitis. In addition, systemic infections resulting in high mortality rates can occur in elderly and immunocompromised patients. More than 50 serotypes of Y. enterocolitica have been identified, but only a few of them commonly cause disease in otherwise healthy hosts. Those serotypes that cause disease have been divided into two groups, American and non-American, based on their geographical distributions, biotypes, and pathogenicity. We have been studying two genes, inv and ail, from Y. enterocolitica that confer in tissue culture assays an invasive phenotype that strongly correlates with virulence. Some differences between the American and non-American serotypes at the ail locus were noted previously and have been investigated further in this report. The ail locus was cloned from seven Y. enterocolitica strains (seven different serotypes). Although the different clones produced similar amounts of Ail, the product of the ail gene from non-American serotypes (AilNA) was less able to promote invasion by Escherichia coli than was the product of the ail gene from American serotypes (AilA). This difference is probably due to one or more of the eight amino acid changes found in the derived amino acid sequence for the mature form of AilNA compared with that of AilA. Seven of these changes are predicted to be in cell surface domains of the protein (a model for the proposed folding of Ail within the outer membrane is presented). These results are discussed in relation to the growing family of outer membrane proteins, which includes Lom from bacteriophage lambda, PagC from salmonella typhimurium, and OmpX from Enterobacter cloacae.

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Yersinia enterocoliticaO:3 Infections in Infants and Children, Associated with the Household Preparation of Chitterlings

Cited by 180 publications

References 30 publications

Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis in Genotyping Yersinia enterocolitica Strains from Human and Porcine Origins

Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis in Genotyping Yersinia enterocolitica Strains from Human and Porcine Origins

Antibodies against Yersinia among farmers and slaughterhouse workers.

Amino acid substitutions in naturally occurring variants of ail result in altered invasion activity

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