<i>Yersinia</i>Species Isolated from Bats, Germany

Mühldorfer, Kristin; Wibbelt, Gudrun; Haensel, Joachim; Riehm, Julia M.; Speck, Stephanie

doi:10.3201/eid1603.091035

Cited by 44 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In contrast, Y. pseudotuberculosis often causes enteric or systemic disease in wild mammals induced by stress of cold and humid weather or starvation (Baskin, 1980). A similar case of systemic Y. pseudotuberculosis infection has been described once in an adult insectivorous bat ( M. myotis ) found dead in Germany after hibernation (Mühldorfer et al., 2010). As diagnostic investigations in bats are markedly impaired by fast decomposition of dead animals, the importance of pathogenic Yersinia species might be underestimated, especially in hibernating bats.…”

Section: Enteric Pathogenssupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Several insects have been found to harbour harmful bacteria common in human and animal diseases, including Salmonella , Yersinia or Campylobacter species (Rahuma et al., 2005; Vallet‐Gely et al., 2008; Wales et al., 2010). Therefore, it seems likely that prey insects may act as passive vectors of enteric pathogens found in insect‐eating bats (Adesiyun et al., 2009; Hazeleger et al., 2010; Mühldorfer et al., 2010; Reyes et al., 2011). Similarly, contaminated fruits (Kuzmin et al., 2011) or water (Mühldorfer et al., 2010; Reyes et al., 2011) might also be possible sources of bacteria identified in bats.…”

Section: Implications On Bats As Carriers Of Pathogenic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bats and Bacterial Pathogens: A Review

Mühldorfer

2012

Zoonoses and Public Health

221

185

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The occurrence of emerging infectious diseases and their relevance to human health has increased the interest in bats as potential reservoir hosts and vectors of zoonotic pathogens. But while previous and ongoing research activities predominantly focused on viral agents, the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in bats and their impact on bat mortality have largely neglected. Enteric pathogens found in bats are often considered to originate from the bats' diet and foraging habitats, despite the fact that little is known about the actual ecological context or even transmission cycles involving bats, humans and other animals like pets and livestock. For some bacterial pathogens common in human and animal diseases (e.g. Pasteurella, Salmonella, Escherichia and Yersinia spp.), the pathogenic potential has been confirmed for bats. Other bacterial pathogens (e.g. Bartonella, Borrelia and Leptospira spp.) provide evidence for novel species that seem to be specific for bat hosts but might also be of disease importance in humans and other animals. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of bacterial pathogens identified in bats and to consider factors that might influence the exposure and susceptibility of bats to bacterial infection but could also affect bacterial transmission rates between bats, humans and other animals.

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Section: Enteric Pathogenssupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Implications On Bats As Carriers Of Pathogenic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Bats and Bacterial Pathogens: A Review

Mühldorfer

2012

Zoonoses and Public Health

221

185

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“…and Leptospira spp. have been detected in bats [11,12], but the importance of these pathogens for human, wildlife, or domestic animal health remains unknown. For other bacteria such as Bartonella spp., phylogenetic analyses have suggested a potential role of bats in the transmission of zoonotic Bartonella sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel hemotropic mycoplasmas are widespread and genetically diverse in vampire bats

et al. 2017

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Bats (Order: Chiroptera) have been widely studied as reservoir hosts for viruses of concern for human and animal health. However, whether bats are equally competent hosts of non-viral pathogens such as bacteria remains an important open question. Here, we surveyed blood and saliva samples of vampire bats from Peru and Belize for hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (hemoplasmas), bacteria that can cause inapparent infection or anemia in hosts. 16S rRNA gene amplification of blood showed 67% (150/223) of common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) were infected by hemoplasmas. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed three novel genotypes that were phylogenetically related but not identical to hemoplasmas described from other (non-vampire) bat species, rodents, humans, and non-human primates. Hemoplasma prevalence in vampire bats was highest in non-reproductive and young individuals, did not differ by country, and was relatively stable over time (i.e., endemic). Metagenomics from pooled D. rotundus saliva from Peru detected non-hemotropic Mycoplasma species and hemoplasma genotypes phylogenetically similar to those identified in blood, providing indirect evidence for potential direct transmission of hemoplasmas through biting or social contacts. This study demonstrates vampire bats host several novel hemoplasmas and sheds light on risk factors for infection and basic transmission routes. Given the high frequency of direct contacts that arise when vampire bats feed on humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, the potential of these bacteria to be transmitted between species should be investigated in future work.

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“…In both monkeys and bats, multiple yellow-white nodules in spleen and liver were detected. Y. pseudotuberculosis was also isolated from lung, heart, kidney, liver, spleen and intestine samples of a free-living dead bat in Germany (Mühldorfer et al 2010). Outbreaks due to Y. pseudotuberculosis infections with diarrhoea and sudden death have also been reported in farmed deer and sheep in Australia (Slee and Skilbeck 1992;Jerrett et al 1990) and farmed deer in Canada (Sanford 1995 …”

Section: Yersiniosis In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteropathogenic Yersinia spp.

Fredriksson-Ahomaa

2014

Zoonoses - Infections Affecting Humans and Animals

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Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis can cause enteric yersiniosis among humans and animals. The infection is typically acquired through contaminated food but it can also be transmitted directly through human or animal contact. Common symptoms are diarrhoea, abdominal pain and fever but sometimes sequelae as joint pain and skin rash occur. The severity of the infection depends on the age and immunity of the infected person, the virulence of the strain and the infection dose. Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis differ clearly from each other both pheno-and genotypically. Y. enterocolitica species consists of a very heterogeneous group of bacteria and not all Y. enterocolitica strains are pathogenic. Y. pseudotuberculosis strains show little variation in biochemical reactions and they are all considered to be pathogenic. Both plasmid and chromosomal encoded virulence factors are needed for Yersinia pathogenicity and all pathogenic strains carry a virulence plasmid which essential for the bacteria to multiply and disseminate in the host. Yersinia strains can grow at low temperatures and under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions but they are heat sensitive. The isolation and identification of enteropathogenic Yersinia is difficult and time consuming, especially when food and environmental samples are studied. More accurate methods should be designed for isolation and identification of Yersinia spp. and more information is needed about transmission routes and sources of enteropathogenic Yersinia strains.

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YersiniaSpecies Isolated from Bats, Germany

Cited by 44 publications

References 6 publications

Bats and Bacterial Pathogens: A Review

Bats and Bacterial Pathogens: A Review

Novel hemotropic mycoplasmas are widespread and genetically diverse in vampire bats

Enteropathogenic Yersinia spp.

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