“…The poor prognosis of ESRD in the pre-ESA era, together with the severity of dialytic complications (especially full-blown clinical iron overload owing to transfusions and sole use of IV iron products), provided valuable lessons on the use of iron supplements, mainly based on autopsy studies [ 3 ]. Indeed, post-mortem studies of dialysis patients with severe hepatosplenic sideroses in the late 1970s and early 1980s showed abundant iron deposits in the liver, spleen, adrenal glands, lymph nodes, and lungs, with generally smaller amounts in the kidneys, pancreas, and heart [ 46 – 48 ].…”