Ibrutinib reduces neutrophil infiltration, preserves neural tissue and enhances locomotor recovery in mouse contusion model of spinal cord injury

Abstract

Following acute spinal cord injury (SCI), excessive recruitment of neutrophils can result in inflammation, neural tissue loss and exacerbation of neurological outcomes. Ibrutinib is a bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor in innate immune cells such as the neutrophils that diminishes their activation and influx to the site of injury. The present study evaluated the efficacy of ibrutinib administration in the acute phase of SCI on neural tissue preservation and locomotor recovery. Ibrutinib was delivered intravenously at 3.125 mg/kg either immediately, 12 hours after, or both immediately and 12 hours after SCI induction in adult male C57BL/6 mice. Neutrophil influx into the lesion area was evaluated 24 hours following SCI using light microscopy and immunohistochemistry methods. Animals' body weight changes were recorded, and their functional motor recovery was assessed based on the Basso mouse scale during 28 days after treatment. Finally, spinal cord lesion volume was estimated by an unbiased stereological method. While animals' weight in the control group started to increase one week after injury, it stayed unchanged in treatment groups. However, the double injection of ibrutinib led to a significantly lower body weight compared to the control group at 4 weeks post-injury. Mean neutrophil counts per visual field and the lesion volume were significantly decreased in all ibrutinib-treated groups. In addition, ibrutinib significantly improved locomotor functional recovery in all treated groups, especially in immediate and double-injection groups. Neural tissue protection and locomotor functional recovery suggest ibrutinib treatment as a potent immunotherapeutic intervention for traumatic SCI that warrants clinical testing.

Inhibition of Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Reduces Neuroimmune Cascade and Promotes Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury

“…Daily Ibrutinib treatment following SCI significantly attenuated the SCI-induced elevation in the microglia/macrophage marker Iba1 at the lesion site on the spinal cord seven days post-SCI, consistent with reduced microglial activation and macrophage infiltration. Ibrutinib also reduced the recruitment of neutrophils to the injured spinal cord at 24 h post-injury, following administration immediately after or 12 h post-injury, or both [ 75 ].…”

Unleashing Spinal Cord Repair: The Role of cAMP-Specific PDE Inhibition in Attenuating Neuroinflammation and Boosting Regeneration after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

“…These NETs promote neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in the SCI lesion of rats [41]. Accordingly, lowering neutrophil infiltration in the spinal cord lesion improved locomotor outcomes in murine contusion SCI [42]. Nevertheless, the complete depletion of neutrophils worsens neurological outcomes of spinal cord-injured mice [43].…”

Inhibition of IL1R1 or CASP4 attenuates spinal cord injury through ameliorating NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis

“…gd T cells, a subgroup of T cells, could be recruited into the SCI site for exacerbating inflammation and impeding neurological self-impair via CCL2/CCR2 signaling (8). Neutrophils are reported to play an essential role in the progression of SCI, and recruitment of macrophages at the lesion site is regarded as a potential approach for treating SCI (9,10).…”