“…Ibudilast, commonly used in the treatment of asthma, inhibits PDE activity and possesses anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects (Rolan et al, 2009). Systemic administration of ibudilast inhibits ethanol (Bell et al, 2015) and methamphetamine intake (Snider et al, 2013), sensitization of the locomotor response to methamphetamine (Snider et al, 2012), as well as stress-and drug-primed reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking (Beardsley et al, 2010). Ibudilast also reduces morphine withdrawal and CPP, likely as a result of its ability to reduce morphine-induced dopamine release in the NAc (Rolan et al, 2009;Schwarz and Bilbo, 2013).…”