The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cerebral deposits of amyloid ß-peptides (Aß) and neurofibrillary tangles which are surrounded by inflammatory cells. Long-term uses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce the risk of developing AD and delay the onset of the disease. In the present study, we used fluorescence spectroscopy with thioflavin T and electron microscopy to examine the effects of NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, aspirin, meclofenamic acid sodium salt, diclofenac sodium salt, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, naproxen, sulindac sulfide and indomethacin on the formation, extension, and destabilization of ß-amyloid fibrils (fAß) at pH 7.5 at 37˚C in vitro. All examined NSAIDs dose-dependently inhibited formation of fAß from fresh Aß(1-40) and Aß(1-42), as well as their extension. Moreover, these NSAIDs dose-dependently destabilized preformed fAßs. The overall activity of the molecules examined was in the following order: ibuprofen ≈ sulindac sulfide ≥ meclofenamic acid sodium salt > aspirin ≈ ketoprofen ≥ flurbiprofen ≈ diclofenac sodium salt > naproxen ≈ indomethacin. Although the mechanisms by which these NSAIDs inhibit fAß formation from Aß, and destabilize preformed fAß in vitro are still unclear, NSAIDs may be promising for the prevention and treatment of AD.