“…The transform domain techniques convert the noisy image into another domain, and then the denoising procedure is applied to coefficients. The primary transform domain techniques are wavelet domain methods [4], spatial frequency domain filtering methods, block-matching, and 3D filtering (BM3D) [5], principal component analysis (PCA) [6], independent component analysis [7] etc. Some of the recent spatial and transform domain methodologies are based on wavelet [8], total variation models [9,10], robust block PCA [11], and fuzzy hysteresis smoothing [12].…”