Ice hockey spectators use contextual cues to guide predictive eye movements

Goettker, Alexander; Pidaparthy, Hemanth; Braun, Doris I.; Elder, James H.; Gegenfurtner, Karl R.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.087

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In sum, when no contextual information was provided, participants’ speed judgments were still affected by the sound manipulation (see also Meyerhoff et al, 2022 ). However, similar to findings from research on visual anticipation (Goettker et al, 2021 ; Murphy et al, 2016 ), the removal of context information extinguished the effect of auditory information on participants’ location anticipation judgments. It follows that the impact of auditory information on visual anticipation is context-dependent, while the impact of auditory cues on speed judgments is not.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Similarly, a recent study by Goettker et al (2021) examining the use of contextual cues to guide predictive gaze behaviors in ice hockey spectators provided further support for the crucial role of contextual information in anticipation. More specifically, Goettker et al showed that spectators employed fundamentally different (predictive) eye movements to anticipate the motion of the puck when full visual information about the hockey context was present vs. absent (i.e., the moving puck alone was presented against a blank background).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In this study, we examined whether the impact of auditory information on visual anticipation is dependent or independent of the specific context. Arguments in favor of context-dependency are based on recent research on visual anticipation (e.g., Murphy et al, 2016 ) and anticipatory gaze behaviors (e.g., Goettker et al, 2021 ), indicating that contextual information is used to successfully predict the future location of a ball in tennis or a puck in hockey, respectively. Arguments in favor of context-independency stem from research showing that the synchronous presentation of audio-visual stimuli—without any additional context information—may cause an illusory increase in perceived object speed (Meyerhoff et al, 2022 ), which in turn may account for the reported effects of auditory information on anticipatory judgments in sports (e.g., Cañal-Bruland et al, 2018 ; Müller et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, Goettker et al showed that spectators employed fundamentally different (predictive) eye movements to anticipate the motion of the puck when full visual information about the hockey context was present vs. absent (i.e., the moving puck alone was presented against a blank background). Together, these studies suggest that at least in visual anticipation information about the context is used and useful to successfully predict the future location of a moving object such as a ball in tennis (Murphy et al, 2016 ) or a puck in hockey (Goettker et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, based on the original footage used in Exp. 1, we rendered new videos that only displayed a moving circle against a blank background (see also Goettker et al, 2021 ). In all other aspects the design, procedure and set-up mirrored Exp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Context modulates the impact of auditory information on visual anticipation

2022

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Research on the impact of auditory information on visual anticipation in tennis suggests that the intensity of racket-ball-contact sounds systematically biases estimates of the ball’s speed, thereby influencing anticipatory judgments. Here we examined whether the effect of auditory information on visual anticipation is dependent on the sport-specific context in two separate experiments. In Exp. 1, participants watched short videos of tennis rallies that were occluded at racket-ball-contact. Racket-ball-contact sounds of the final shot were either present or absent. Participants faced different tasks in two counterbalanced blocks: In one block they estimated the ball’s speed; in the other block they indicated the ball’s landing location. Results showed that participants estimated longer ball flight trajectories and higher ball speeds in the sound present condition than in the sound absent condition. To probe whether this effect is dependent on the sport-specific context, Exp. 2 introduced an abstract (i.e., context-free) version of the previous stimuli. Based on the ball locations in the original videos used in Exp. 1, we rendered new videos that displayed only a moving circle against a blank background. Sine tones replaced the original racket-ball contact sounds. Results showed no impact of sound presence on location anticipation judgments. However, similar to Exp. 1, object speeds were judged to be faster when the final sound was present. Together, these findings suggest that the impact of auditory information on anticipation does not seem to be driven by sound alone, but to be moderated by contextual information.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%