Ice in the 1994 Rabaul eruption cloud: implications for volcano hazard and atmospheric effects

Rose, William I.; Delene, David J.; Schneider, D. J.; Bluth, G. J.; Krueger, A. J.; Sprod, I.; McKee, Chris; Davies, H. L.; Ernst, Gérald

doi:10.1038/375477a0

Cited by 165 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…5 and Table 2) are known to have occurred. Detection of this cloud was initially hampered by some diffuse cirrus cloud from storms over Japan earlier in the afternoon, by the moist air into which the eruption occurred (similar to the case described by Simpson et al (2002)), and presumably also by water present in the phreatomagmatic eruption column (Rose et al, 1995). However, weak ∆T*s of -1.5 to -2.0 K were visible in the plume until it moved over the developing low at 1230 UTC, which although 35 K warmer than the eruption cloud at that stage, presented a sufficiently cold background to inhibit detection ) when combined with the other factors.…”

Section: Miyakejima 18 -19 August 2000mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The presence of substantial amounts of ice in ash cloud can partially or completely obscure the ash signal (Prata, 1989a;Rose et al, 1995).…”

Section: Analysis Of Ir and Visible Imagerymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some scatter diagrams for the Langila plumes may show mixed ash and water/ice characteristics, but the data are ambiguous. If we exclude the unlikely circumstance that eruptions from all three volcanoes contained unusually high amounts of water (Rose et al, 1995), then the poor detection can be presumed due to a combination of obscuration by overlying cloud, and glaciation from water/ice entrained from the moist atmosphere.…”

Section: Manammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the ability of TOMS to detect aerosols and SO 2 near and above the top of moist tropical cloud masses has great potential for operational use. Meteor-3 TOMS AI and SO 2 images also enabled tracking of the 1994 Rabaul eruption cloud for several days, despite the seawater interaction that prevented observation with the reverse absorption technique (Rose et al, 1995).…”

Section: Toms and Gome Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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An evaluation of volcanic cloud detection techniques during recent significant eruptions in the western ‘Ring of Fire’

Tupper

Carn

Davey

et al. 2004

Remote Sensing of Environment

108

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We examined recent volcanic cloud events in the Western Pacific and Indonesian area, to validate the performance of remote sensing techniques used to support the International Airways Volcano Watch (IAVW). Five events were considered, during which eruptions from eight volcanoes injected ash into the upper troposphere or lower stratosphere. For one of the eruptions, at Miyakejima, Japan, at least five aircraft encountered volcanic ash clouds, and the cost to three operators alone exceeded US $12,000,000 in aircraft repairs, diversions, and lost operating time. We performed 'reverse' absorption and 'pattern analysis' using GMS-5/VISSR, MODIS and AVHRR data, and we examined TOMS SO 2 and Aerosol Index data, surface-based observations, pilot reports, and dispersion model output. Our results verify that the introduction of 'reverse' absorption using the geostationary GMS-5 platform significantly enhanced our capacity to monitor volcanic ash clouds in the region. In one case, we tracked an eruption cloud for approximately 80 hours. The primary impediment to remote monitoring is the presence of overlying cloud, or substantial amounts of ice within the volcanic clouds. TOMS data showed success in identifying volcanic clouds during these conditions, but was limited by the infrequency of observations. More effective future operation of the IAVW relies on developing complementary methods of volcanic cloud remote sensing, and greatly increasing the amount and quality of available surface and air observations, including observations of precursor activity. An understanding of the likely future limitations of remote sensing techniques will aid in the refining of IAVW procedures.

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Section: Miyakejima 18 -19 August 2000mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The presence of substantial amounts of ice in ash cloud can partially or completely obscure the ash signal (Prata, 1989a;Rose et al, 1995).…”

Section: Analysis Of Ir and Visible Imagerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Manammentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toms and Gome Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An evaluation of volcanic cloud detection techniques during recent significant eruptions in the western ‘Ring of Fire’

Tupper

Carn

Davey

et al. 2004

Remote Sensing of Environment

108

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“…Halogens and SO 2 may be removed from the atmosphere in solution during water-enhanced sedimentation (known as wet deposition or scrubbing), which is particularly effective in plumes that contain large amounts of external water (e.g. Rose et al 1995).…”

Section: Impacts On Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric and Environmental Impacts of Volcanic Particulates

2010

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V olcanic emissions consist of a mixture of gases, aerosol, and silicate particles, which collectively span seven orders of magnitude in size. Airborne ash and sulfate aerosol in the lower atmosphere has shortlived atmospheric and climatic effects. Volcanic aerosol injected high into the stratosphere impacts atmospheric chemical cycles and the solar and terrestrial radiation budgets, and may infl uence climate over longer timescales than aerosol particles in the lower atmosphere. Once at the surface, the impacts on local environments can be substantial through transport of halogens, trace metals, and metalloids, and subsequent leaching in aqueous solutions. Volcanic emissions may cause disruption to travel and aviation, and may damage surface infrastructure, potentially causing large economic losses.

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Using data insertion with the NAME model to simulate the 8 May 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash cloud

et al. 2016

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A data insertion method, where a dispersion model is initialized from ash properties derived from a series of satellite observations, is used to model the 8 May 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash cloud which extended from Iceland to northern Spain. We also briefly discuss the application of this method to the April 2010 phase of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption and the May 2011 Grímsvötn eruption. An advantage of this method is that very little knowledge about the eruption itself is required because some of the usual eruption source parameters are not used. The method may therefore be useful for remote volcanoes where good satellite observations of the erupted material are available, but little is known about the properties of the actual eruption. It does, however, have a number of limitations related to the quality and availability of the observations. We demonstrate that, using certain configurations, the data insertion method is able to capture the structure of a thin filament of ash extending over northern Spain that is not fully captured by other modeling methods. It also verifies well against the satellite observations according to the quantitative object-based quality metric, SAL-structure, amplitude, location, and the spatial coverage metric, Figure of Merit in Space.

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Ice in the 1994 Rabaul eruption cloud: implications for volcano hazard and atmospheric effects

Cited by 165 publications

References 18 publications

An evaluation of volcanic cloud detection techniques during recent significant eruptions in the western ‘Ring of Fire’

An evaluation of volcanic cloud detection techniques during recent significant eruptions in the western ‘Ring of Fire’

Atmospheric and Environmental Impacts of Volcanic Particulates

Using data insertion with the NAME model to simulate the 8 May 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash cloud

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