Ice nucleation by surrogates of Martian mineral dust: What can we learn about Mars without leaving Earth?

Cziczo, D. J.; Garimella, Sarvesh; Raddatz, M.; Hoehler, Kristina; Schnaiter, M.; Saathoff, H.; Moehler, O.; Abbatt, Jonathan P. D.; Ladino, Luis A.

doi:10.1002/jgre.20155

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Here we describe a series of deposition ice nucleation experiments at temperatures ≤ 200 K, where our initially surprising results share commonality with previously measured deposition nucleation on minerals (Fortin et al, 2003;Trainer et al, 2009), metals (Shilling et al, 2006), and other materials (Iraci et al, 2010;Phebus et al, 2011;Cziczo et al, 2013). Our measurements augment the observations of nucleation behavior at low temperature and have led us to reexamine the classical formulation of nucleation theory.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The observations do augment a small compendium of existing experimental deposition nucleation work that extends below 200 K. In the past this work has been motivated by studies of exoplanetary atmospheres like that of Mars, where temperatures are quite low but mineral dust and other aerosol particles may be abundant (e.g., Phebus et al, 2011;Cziczo et al, 2013). Trainer et al (2009) and later Iraci et al (2010) investigated deposition freezing on surrogate mineral dust materials.…”

Section: Discussion and Atmospheric Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Deposition-mode ice nucleation reexamined at temperatures below 200 K

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The environmental chamber of a molecular beam apparatus is used to study deposition nucleation of ice on graphite, alcohols and acetic and nitric acids at temperatures between 155 and 200 K. The critical supersaturations necessary to spontaneously nucleate water ice on six different substrate materials are observed to occur at higher supersaturations than are theoretically predicted. This contradictory result motivates more careful examination of the experimental conditions and the underlying basis of the current theories. An analysis based on classical nucleation theory supports the view that at these temperatures nucleation is primarily controlled by the rarification of the vapor and the strength of water's interaction with the substrate surface. The technique enables a careful probing of the underlying processes of ice nucleation and the substrate materials of study. The findings are relevant to atmospheric nucleation processes that are intrinsically linked to cold cloud formation and lifetime.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussion and Atmospheric Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Deposition-mode ice nucleation reexamined at temperatures below 200 K

et al. 2015

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“…More recent work suggests this ice is more likely stacking disordered (Kuhs et al 2012;Malkin et al 2012;Murray et al 2015), which might form trigonal crystals. Trigonal ice crystals might be important in type-II polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), which only form below about 188 K (Lowe and MacKenzie 2008), and water ice clouds, which form in the Martian atmosphere at temperatures below 200 K (Cziczo et al 2013). Given the importance of crystal structure in determining the shape, radiative, and other properties of atmospheric ice crystals on Earth and elsewhere, the role of stacking disorder in ice should become a focus of future research in the atmospheric community.…”

Section: Atmospheric Halos and Radiative Properties Of Trigonal Ice Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trigonal Ice Crystals in Earth’s Atmosphere

Murray

Salzmann

Heymsfield

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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We are all familiar with the hexagonal shape of snow and ice crystals, and it is well established that their sixfold symmetry is derived from the arrangement of water molecules in a hexagonal crystal structure. However, atmospheric ice crystals with only threefold rotational symmetry are often observed, which is inconsistent with the hexagonal crystal structure of ordinary ice. These crystals are found in a wide range of different cloud types ranging from upper-tropospheric cirrus to contrails and diamond dust and they form at temperatures ranging from about −84° to −5°C. Recent experimental studies of ice crystal structures have shown that ice under a wide range of atmospheric conditions does not always conform to the standard hexagonal crystal structure. Instead, sequences of the hexagonal structure can be interlaced with cubic sequences to create stacking-disordered ice. This degrades the symmetry of the crystal structure so that, instead of having a hexagonal structure, they have a trigonal structure with a corresponding threefold symmetry. Hence, this implies that atmospheric ice crystals with threefold symmetry are made of stacking-disordered ice. We conclude that the presence of trigonal crystals in the atmosphere is consistent with rare Parry arc halos and also show that they have distinct radiative properties compared with hexagonal ice.

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“…Samples therefore often need to be dispersed by particle generators that do not change these characteristics. Different types of generators, such as rotating brush generators (Cziczo et al, 2013;Hiranuma et al, 2015), fluidized bed generators (FBGs) (Tobo et al, 2012;Hartmann et al, 2016) and shakers (Garimella et al, 2014), have been used for dry dispersion depending on the amount of material and the experimental setup. In some applications only a small number of particles is needed, or for a short period of time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry particle generation with a 3-D printed fluidized bed generator

Roesch

Cziczo

2017

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. Here we describe the design and testing of PRIZE (PRinted fluidIZed bed gEnerator), a compact fluidized bed aerosol generator manufactured using stereolithography (SLA) printing. Dispersing small quantities of powdered materials -due to either rarity or expense -is challenging due to a lack of small, low-cost dry aerosol generators. With this as motivation, we designed and built a generator that uses a mineral dust or other dry powder sample mixed with bronze beads that sit atop a porous screen. A particle-free airflow is introduced, dispersing the sample as airborne particles. Total particle number concentrations and size distributions were measured during different stages of the assembling process to show that the SLA 3-D printed generator did not generate particles until the mineral dust sample was introduced. Time-series measurements with Arizona Test Dust (ATD) showed stable total particle number concentrations of 10-150 cm −3 , depending on the sample mass, from the sub-to super-micrometer size range. Additional tests with collected soil dust samples are also presented. PRIZE is simple to assemble, easy to clean, inexpensive and deployable for laboratory and field studies that require dry particle generation.

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Ice nucleation by surrogates of Martian mineral dust: What can we learn about Mars without leaving Earth?

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Deposition-mode ice nucleation reexamined at temperatures below 200 K

Deposition-mode ice nucleation reexamined at temperatures below 200 K

Trigonal Ice Crystals in Earth’s Atmosphere

Dry particle generation with a 3-D printed fluidized bed generator

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