Ice-on-Ice Impact Experiments

Impacts into Ice–Silicate Mixtures: Crater Morphologies, Volumes, Depth-to-Diameter Ratios, and Yield

“…7, we used the average slope of 1.23 for the fit lines. In addition to our own data, crater volumes for pure ice (Frisch 1990, Kato et al 1995, and Lange and Ahrens 1987 and for basalt are also shown. These data were also fitted with power laws with an exponent of b = 1.23.…”

“…However, these materials have not been used often by experimenters in the laboratory. Pure ice targets were used by Croft et al (1979), Croft (1981), Kawakami et al (1983), Lange and Ahrens (1987), Frisch (1990Frisch ( , 1992, Eichhorn and Grün (1993), and Kato et al (1995). More recently, a series of experimental campaigns was started at the Hypervelocity Impact Facility of the University of Kent at Canterbury (UK).…”

Radar Albedo Feature

“…2). This formation model is based on the morphologic resemblance between ring-mold craters and resulting impact morphologies from experiments with projectiles into ice (Kato et al 1995). The model explains why the distribution of ring-mold craters is limited to suggested ice-rich deposits such as lineated valley fill, lobate debris aprons, and concentric crater fill.…”

“…McConnell et al (2006);McConnell and Newsom (2007) also related their morphology to the presence of ice suggesting that impact into icy material would be modified by subsequent ice flow and sublimation resulting in inverted crater morphology explaining the central mounds in the interior of the ring-mold craters. Instead of associating ringmold craters with a sublimation-controlled degradation of bowl-shaped craters, suggested that the morphology of ringmold craters rather is a primary feature of impacts into relatively pure ice-rich substrate due to their resemblance with laboratory-generated impacts into ice (Kato et al 1995).…”

High-Velocity Impact of Ice Particles on a Composite Material

“…However, the ice balls had a diameter ranging from 2551 mm, and the impact velocity varied from 30200 m/s, too slow for our purposes. Arakawa et al [12,13] studied in depth the impacts of millimeter-sized ice particles on an ice block. Neither of these studies provides the parameters needed to predict the phenomenon of impacts of raindrop-sized ice particles on the structural material of an aerospace vehicle.…”