Ice Volumes on Cascade Volcanoes: Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Three Sisters, and Mount Shasta

Driedger, Carolyn L.; Kennard, Paul

doi:10.3133/pp1365

Cited by 56 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…1) volume estimates had maximum differences from the measured volumes of +54 and -65 percent, with an average difference of 53 percent, slightly biased toward underestimating the volume. The Yerasov equation produced as good or better glacier-volume estimates than any of the predecessors tested except the Driedger and Kennard (1984) method. This comparison shows that for glaciers outside of the developmentcalibration suites, the two-class Driedger and Kennard (1984) method estimates glacier volumes more accurately and with less tendency to bias the estimates than do the four empirical area-volume algorithms.…”

Section: Comparison Of Previous Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The Yerasov equation produced as good or better glacier-volume estimates than any of the predecessors tested except the Driedger and Kennard (1984) method. This comparison shows that for glaciers outside of the developmentcalibration suites, the two-class Driedger and Kennard (1984) method estimates glacier volumes more accurately and with less tendency to bias the estimates than do the four empirical area-volume algorithms. The limited area for which tuned empirical area-volume relations may be applied has been explained (for example, UNESCO/IASH, 1970) as arising from differences in climate, glacier morphological type, glacier size, and glacier orientation.…”

Section: Comparison Of Previous Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Furthermore, none of the proposed area-volume algorithms have been widely applied beyond their calibration regions nor to all sizes of glaciers, indicating a lack of broad acceptance. The two-class Driedger and Kennard (1984) method shows the best promise for general application. However, the Driedger and Kennard (1984) method underestimated the volume of a measured part of Drift glacier by 33 percent, suggesting that a more accurate estimation technique would be desirable for assessing the glacier volume on Redoubt Volcano.…”

Section: Comparison Of Previous Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach has not been pursued in the literature and is not considered further here. Driedger and Kennard (1984) estimated the average basal shear stresses on 24 glaciers and found a range from 0.3 to 1.6 bars. Furthermore, they found the glacier-averaged basal shear stress values clustered into two groups that are distinguished by glacier size.…”

Section: Assessment Of Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They concluded that an assumption of a constant basal shear stress is not warranted for glaciers less than 2,600 m in length, but is useful for larger glaciers. Kennard (1984 and1986a) estimated the volumes of glaciers on four Cascade volcanoes of the western United States by dividing the glaciers into two size classes and calibrating an area-volume relation for the small glaciers (those less than 2,600 m in length):…”

Section: Assessment Of Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Glacier ice-volume modeling and glacier volumes on Redoubt Volcano, Alaska

Trabant¹,

Hawkins²

1997

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Section: Comparison Of Previous Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Comparison Of Previous Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Comparison Of Previous Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Glacier ice-volume modeling and glacier volumes on Redoubt Volcano, Alaska

Trabant¹,

Hawkins²

1997

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Swarms of repeating stick-slip icequakes triggered by snow loading at Mount Rainier volcano

Allstadt

Malone

2014

J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf.

114

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We have detected over 150,000 small (M < 1) low-frequency (~1-5 Hz) repeating earthquakes over the past decade at Mount Rainier volcano, most of which were previously undetected. They are located high (>3000 m) on the glacier-covered edifice and occur primarily in weeklong to monthlong swarms composed of simultaneous distinct families of events. Each family contains up to thousands of earthquakes repeating at regular intervals as often as every few minutes. Mixed polarity first motions, a linear relationship between recurrence interval and event size, and strong correlation between swarm activity and snowfall suggest the source is stick-slip basal sliding of glaciers. The sudden added weight of snow during winter storms triggers a temporary change from smooth aseismic sliding to seismic stick-slip sliding in locations where basal conditions are favorable to frictional instability. Coda wave interferometry shows that source locations migrate over time at glacial speeds, starting out fast and slowing down over time, indicating a sudden increase in sliding velocity triggers the transition to stick-slip sliding. We propose a hypothesis that this increase is caused by the redistribution of basal fluids rather than direct loading because of a 1-2 day lag between snow loading and earthquake activity. This behavior is specific to winter months because it requires the inefficient drainage of a distributed subglacial drainage system. Identification of the source of these frequent signals offers a view of basal glacier processes, discriminates against alarming volcanic noises, documents short-term effects of weather on the cryosphere, and has implications for repeating earthquakes, in general.

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Spatial and temporal controls on proglacial erosion rates: A comparison of four basins on Mount Rainier, 1960 to 2017

Anderson

Shean

2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The retreat of alpine glaciers since the mid-19th century has triggered rapid landscape adjustments in many headwater basins. However, the degree to which decadal-scale glacier retreat is associated with systematic or substantial changes in overall coarse sediment export, with the potential to impact downstream river dynamics, remains poorly understood. Here, we use repeat topographic surveys to assess geomorphic change in four partly glaciated basins on a stratovolcano (Mount Rainier) in Washington State at roughly decadal intervals from 1960 to 2017. The proglacial extents of the four basins show distinct geomorphic trajectories, ranging from substantial and sustained net erosion to relatively inactive with net deposition.These different trajectories correspond to differences in initial (1960) valley floor gradients, and can be effectively understood as valley floor grade adjustments. Significant erosion was most often accomplished by debris flows triggered by extreme rainfall or glacial outburst floods, though a single rockfall mobilized more material than all other events combined. Year-to-year runoff events had little measurable geomorphic impact. Exported material tended to accumulate in broad deposits within several kilometers of source areas and largely remained there through the end of the study period. Over 10-to 100-year timescales, we find that the impact of glacier retreat on coarse sediment yield may then vary substantially according to the geometry and storage trends of the newly exposed valley floor; the timing of that response may also be dictated, and potentially obscured, by stochastic and/or extreme events.

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Ice Volumes on Cascade Volcanoes: Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Three Sisters, and Mount Shasta

Cited by 56 publications

References 5 publications

Glacier ice-volume modeling and glacier volumes on Redoubt Volcano, Alaska

Glacier ice-volume modeling and glacier volumes on Redoubt Volcano, Alaska

Swarms of repeating stick-slip icequakes triggered by snow loading at Mount Rainier volcano

Spatial and temporal controls on proglacial erosion rates: A comparison of four basins on Mount Rainier, 1960 to 2017

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