Iceland: The current picture of a ridge-centred mantle plume

Ruedas, Thomas; Marquart, Gabriele; Schmeling, Harro

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68046-8_3

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…Geochemical studies [ Maclennan et al , ; Kokfelt et al , ] indicate that the potential temperature, T pot , varies modestly along the Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ) ranging from about 1480°C to 1500°C. This is a significantly smaller lateral variation than the estimated temperature anomaly of the plume conduit (150–200°C) [ Ruedas et al , ]. The difference is readily interpreted if the plume head is laterally larger and extends deeper than the melting region, in which case T pot is entirely governed by the plume, with relatively small lateral variations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of present‐day deglaciation in Iceland on mantle melt production rates

et al. 2013

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[1] Ongoing deglaciation in Iceland not only causes uplift at the surface but also increases magma production at depth due to decompression of the mantle. Here we study glacially induced decompression melting using 3-D models of glacial isostatic adjustment in Iceland since 1890. We find that the mean glacially induced pressure rate of change in the mantle increases melt production rates by 100-135%, or an additional 0.21-0.23 km 3 of magma per year beneath Iceland. Approximately 50% of this melt is produced underneath central Iceland. The greatest volumetric increase is found directly beneath Iceland's largest ice cap, Vatnajökull, colocated with the most productive volcanoes. Our models of the effect of deglaciation on mantle melting predict a significantly larger volumetric response than previous models which only considered the effect of deglaciation of Vatnajökull, and only mantle melting directly below Vatnajökull. Although the ongoing deglaciation significantly increases the melt production rate, the increase in melt supply rate at the base of the lithosphere is delayed and depends on the melt ascent velocity through the mantle. Assuming that 25% of the melt reaches the surface, the upper limit on our deglaciation-induced melt estimates for central Iceland would be equivalent to an eruption the size of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull summit eruption every seventh year.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of present‐day deglaciation in Iceland on mantle melt production rates

et al. 2013

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“…The first constraint, sustained by several seismic studies, is that a low velocity zone interpreted as containing a few percents of melt exists below a large area that might exceed the dimensions of the whole island (Bjarnason and Schmeling, 2009;Kreutzmann et al, 2004;Li and Detrick, 2006 compilation from Ruedas et al, 2007). This zone of partial melt is located at the crust-mantle boundary, with its lower end located at a constant depth that can be estimated from the same seismic studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ruedas et al, 2007;Vinnik et al, 2005), its upper and lower boundaries are ill defined. Also, while the upper LVZ seems to have a direct relationship with volcanism, as suggested by petrological evidence, the control exerted by the deeper LVZ is questionable.…”

Section: Further Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Iceland's complex geochemistry, coupled with geological and seismic evidence, has been interpreted as the result of a ridgecentered hot-spot (e.g. Bjarnason and Schmeling, 2009;Bjarnason et al, 2002;Morgan, 1971;Ruedas et al, 2007;Saemundsson, 1978;Schilling, 1973;Vinnik et al, 2005). The existence of a deep mantle plume, however, has been questioned (Foulger, 2002;O'Hara, 1975), leading to alternative interpretations based on the combination of an heterogeneous mantle and regular plate tectonic processes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Iceland structure and volcanism: An alternative vision based on the model of volcanic systems

Savry¹,

Cañón‐Tapia²

2014

Tectonophysics

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“…The North Atlantic breakup was possibly initiated by the abnormally hot mantle of the Iceland plume (White, 1989;Skogseid et al, 1992;Gernigon et al, 2004Gernigon et al, , 2006Parkin and White, 2008) activated approximately 5 million years earlier than the continental breakup (Saunders et al, 1997). While some studies have shown that the Iceland plume propagated northward (e.g., Ruedas et al, 2007;Steinberger et al, 2015), seismic tomography (Rickers et al, 2013) suggests lateral movement of plume material in addition to the parallel propagation along the mid-ocean ridge. Moreover, 3-D thermomechanical models (Koptev et al, 2017) suggest that plume-related thermal perturbations such as hot mantle lateral flows may result in topography at the Norwegian passive margin with long wavelength variations onshore and short wavelength variations offshore.…”

Section: The Oceanic Crustal Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of the geothermal gradient across two differently aged magma-rich continental rifted margins of the Atlantic Ocean: the Southwest African and the Norwegian margins

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The aim of this study is to investigate the shallow thermal field differences for two differently aged passive continental margins by analyzing regional variations in geothermal gradient and exploring the controlling factors for these variations. Hence, we analyzed two previously published 3-D conductive and lithospheric-scale thermal models of the Southwest African and the Norwegian passive margins. These 3-D models differentiate various sedimentary, crustal, and mantle units and integrate different geophysical data such as seismic observations and the gravity field. We extracted the temperature–depth distributions in 1 km intervals down to 6 km below the upper thermal boundary condition. The geothermal gradient was then calculated for these intervals between the upper thermal boundary condition and the respective depth levels (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 km below the upper thermal boundary condition). According to our results, the geothermal gradient decreases with increasing depth and shows varying lateral trends and values for these two different margins. We compare the 3-D geological structural models and the geothermal gradient variations for both thermal models and show how radiogenic heat production, sediment insulating effect, and thermal lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) depth influence the shallow thermal field pattern. The results indicate an ongoing process of oceanic mantle cooling at the young Norwegian margin compared with the old SW African passive margin that seems to be thermally equilibrated in the present day.

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Iceland: The current picture of a ridge-centred mantle plume

Cited by 13 publications

References 168 publications

Effects of present‐day deglaciation in Iceland on mantle melt production rates

Effects of present‐day deglaciation in Iceland on mantle melt production rates

Iceland structure and volcanism: An alternative vision based on the model of volcanic systems

Variability of the geothermal gradient across two differently aged magma-rich continental rifted margins of the Atlantic Ocean: the Southwest African and the Norwegian margins

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