ICP-OES and Micronucleus Test to Evaluate Heavy Metal Contamination in Commercially Available Brazilian Herbal Teas

Schunk, Priscila Francisca Tschaen; Kalil, Ieda Carneiro; Pimentel-Schmitt, Elisângela Flávia; Lenz, Dominik; Andrade, Tadeu Uggere de; Ribeiro, Juliano Souza; Endringer, Denise Coutinho

doi:10.1007/s12011-015-0566-2

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In separate studies, other types of tea, and similar beverages, were examined. Schunk et al [ 13 ] analyzed Brazilian herbal teas (chamomile, lemongrass, fennel, and yerba mate). In that report, the copper concentration varied from 0.19 ± 0.05 to 0.43 ± 0.07 μg/g while the levels of cadmium were much lower—between 0.03 ± 0.01 and 0.05 ± 0.01 μg/g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper, Manganese, Zinc, and Cadmium in Tea Leaves of Different Types and Origin

Podwika

Kleszcz

Krośniak

et al. 2017

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Concentrations of selected metals (Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd) in tea leaves were investigated. Samples included black, green, and other (red, white, yellow, and oolong) teas. They were purchased on a local market but they covered different countries of origin. Beverages like yerba mate, rooibos, and fruit teas were also included in the discussion. Metal determinations were performed using atomic absorption spectrometry. In black teas, Mn/Cd ratio was found to be significantly higher (48,091 ± 35,436) vs. green (21,319 ± 16,396) or other teas (15,692 ± 8393), while Cd concentration was lower (31.4 ± 18.3 μg/kg) vs. other teas 67.0 (67.0 ± 24.4). Moreover, Zn/Cu and Cu/Cd ratios were, respectively, lower (1.1 ± 0.2 vs. 2.2 ± 0.5) and higher (1086 ± 978 vs. 261 ± 128) when comparing black teas with other teas. Intake of each metal from drinking tea was estimated based on the extraction levels reported by other authors. Contributions to recommended daily intake for Cu, Mn, and Zn were estimated based on the recommendations of international authorities. Except for manganese, tea is not a major dietary source of the studied elements. From the total number of 27 samples, three have shown exceeded cadmium level, according to local regulations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper, Manganese, Zinc, and Cadmium in Tea Leaves of Different Types and Origin

Podwika

Kleszcz

Krośniak

et al. 2017

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…With this increased anthropogenic activity, considering the land use and landcover change, spanning from 1999 to 2018, with the concomitant rise in PTEs observed in the study area, as one of the African water bodies, the need for continuous environmental monitoring of the safety of the river water body has emerged, of great importance. Standard techniques for detection of the PTEs such as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) [108], Uv-Vis spectrometry [109], atomic absorption/emission spectroscopy [110], laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) [111] and even the inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) employed in this study, are not generally suitable for in situ, fast, easy and low cost operations [112]. Gross setbacks like tedious sample preparation and pre-concentration, professionalism needed in personnel operation, and high cost of procuring and maintaining equipment have surrounded the use of such techniques.…”

Section: Prospect and Implications For Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover Changes and Its Impact on the Surface Water Quality of the Crocodile River Catchment, South Africa

Samuel¹,

Bett²,

Okpara³

et al. 2022

River Deltas Research - Recent Advances

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The degradation of surface water by anthropogenic activities is a global phenomenon. Surface water in the upper Crocodile River has been deteriorating over the past few decades by increased anthropogenic land use and land cover changes as areas of non-point sources of contamination. This study aimed to assess the spatial variation of physicochemical parameters and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contamination in the Crocodile River influenced by land use and land cover change. 12 surface water samplings were collected every quarter from April 2017 to July 2018 and were analyzed by inductive coupled plasma spectrometry-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Landsat and Spot images for the period of 1999–2009 - 2018 were used for land use and land cover change detection for the upper Crocodile River catchment. Supervised approach with maximum likelihood classifier was used for the classification and generation of LULC maps for the selected periods. The results of the surface water concentrations of PTEs in the river are presented in order of abundance from Mn in October 2017 (0.34 mg/L), followed by Cu in July 2017 (0,21 mg/L), Fe in April 2017 (0,07 mg/L), Al in July 2017 (0.07 mg/L), while Zn in April 2017, October 2017 and April 2018 (0.05 mg/L). The concentrations of PTEs from water analysis reveal that Al, (0.04 mg/L), Mn (0.19 mg/L) and Fe (0.14 mg/L) exceeded the stipulated permissible threshold limit of DWAF (< 0.005 mg/L, 0.18 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L) respectively for aquatic environments. The values for Mn (0.19 mg/L) exceeded the permissible threshold limit of the US-EPA of 0.05 compromising the water quality trait expected to be good. Seasonal analysis of the PTEs concentrations in the river was significant (p > 0.05) between the wet season and the dry season. The spatial distribution of physicochemical parameters and PTEs were strongly correlated (p > 0.05) being influenced by different land use type along the river. Analysis of change detection suggests that; grassland, cropland and water bodies exhibited an increase of 26 612, 17 578 and 1 411 ha respectively, with land cover change of 23.42%, 15.05% and 1.18% respectively spanning from 1999 to 2018. Bare land and built-up declined from 1999 to 2018, with a net change of - 42 938 and − 2 663 ha respectively witnessing a land cover change of −36.81% and − 2.29% respectively from 1999 to 2018. In terms of the area under each land use and land cover change category observed within the chosen period, most significant annual change was observed in cropland (2.2%) between 1999 to 2009. Water bodies also increased by 0.1% between 1999 to 2009 and 2009 to 2018 respectively. Built-up and grassland witness an annual change rate in land use and land cover change category only between 2009 to 2018 of 0.1% and 2.7% respectively. This underscores a massive transformation driven by anthropogenic activities given rise to environmental issues in the Crocodile River catchment.

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“…However, the detection of heavy metals is a complicated procedure, often involving widespread processes of preparation of sample leading to the measurement, when analytical techniques are employed [15]. Such standard techniques for the detection of heavy metal ions such as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) [16][17][18], UV-Vis spectrometry, [19][20][21] atomic absorption/emission spectroscopy [22][23][24] and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) [25,26], would not be suitable for in situ, fast, easy and low-cost operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Characterization and Detection of Lead in Water Using SPCE Modified with BiONPs/PANI

et al. 2021

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The need for constant assessment of river water qualities for both aquatic and other biological survival has emerged a top priority, due to increasing exposure to industrial pollutants. A disposable screen print carbon electrode was modified with a conductive polymer (PANI) and Zn and/or Cu oxides NPs, obtained through bioreduction in citrus peel extracts (lemon and orange), for ultra-sensitive detection of PB2+, in the Crocodile River water sample. The synthesized materials were characterized with Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), ultra-violet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SPC-modified electrodes designated as SPCE/LPE/BiONPs/PANI and SPCE/OPE/BiONPs/PANI were characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and eventually deployed in the electrochemical detection of PB2+ in water using square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique. The electrochemical responses of the modified electrodes for both CV and EIS in 0.1 M HCl demonstrated enhanced performance relative to the bare SPCE. A detection and quantification limit of 0.494 ppb and 1.647 were obtained at SPCE/LPE/BiONPs/PANI, respectively, while a detection and quantification limit of 2.79 ppb and 8.91 ppb, respectively, were derived from SPCE/OPE/BiONPs/PANI. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for SPC electrode at a 6.04 µM PB2+ analyte concentration was 4.76% and 0.98% at SPCE/LPE/BiONPs/PANI and SPCE/LPE/BiONPs/PANI, respectively. The effect of copper, zinc, iron, cobalt, nickel, and magnesium on the stripping peaks of PB2+ at SPCE/OPE/BiONPs/PANI, showed no significant change except for cobalt, with about 17.67% peak current drop. The sensors were assessed for possible determination of PB2+ in spiked river water samples. The average percentage recovery and RSD calculated were 94.25% and 3.74% (n = 3) at SPCE/LPE/BiONPs/PANI and, 96.70% and 3.71% (n = 3) at SPCE/OPE/BiONPs/PANI, respectively. Therefore, the fabricated sensor material could be used for environmental assessment of this highly toxic heavy metal in the aquatic system

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ICP-OES and Micronucleus Test to Evaluate Heavy Metal Contamination in Commercially Available Brazilian Herbal Teas

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Copper, Manganese, Zinc, and Cadmium in Tea Leaves of Different Types and Origin

Copper, Manganese, Zinc, and Cadmium in Tea Leaves of Different Types and Origin

An Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover Changes and Its Impact on the Surface Water Quality of the Crocodile River Catchment, South Africa

Electrochemical Characterization and Detection of Lead in Water Using SPCE Modified with BiONPs/PANI

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