ICRP Publication 130: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 1

Abstract

This report is the first in a series of reports replacing Publications 30 and 68 to provide revised dose coefficients for occupational intakes of radionuclides by inhalation and ingestion. The revised dose coefficients have been calculated using the Human Alimentary Tract Model (Publication 100) and a revision of the Human Respiratory Tract Model (Publication 66) that takes account of more recent data. In addition, information is provided on absorption into blood following inhalation and ingestion of different chemical forms of elements and their radioisotopes. In selected cases, it is judged that the data are sufficient to make material-specific recommendations. Revisions have been made to many of the models that describe the systemic biokinetics of radionuclides absorbed into blood, making them more physiologically realistic representations of uptake and retention in organs and tissues, and excretion. The reports in this series provide data for the interpretation of bioassay measurements as well as dose coefficients, replacing Publications 54 and 78. In assessing bioassay data such as measurements of whole-body or organ content, or urinary excretion, assumptions have to be made about the exposure scenario, including the pattern and mode of radionuclide intake, physical and chemical characteristics of the material involved, and the elapsed time between the exposure(s) and measurement. This report provides some guidance on monitoring programmes and data interpretation.

Lowered Serum Cesium Levels in Schizophrenia: Association with Immune-Inflammatory Biomarkers and Cognitive Impairments

“…These results extend those of Cai et al who found a significant reduction in serum cesium in SCZ 15 . As described in the Introduction, there is evidence that cesium shares similarities with potassium and competes with potassium for both active and passive membrane transport 31 , although, after intake, cesium is Moreover, cesium may also have some neuroprotective properties by inhibiting GSK3β, preventing caspase-3 activation and neuronal apoptosis, and attenuating peroxide-induced cell death 36 . These authors, therefore, conclude that given its good blood-brain-barrier penetration 33 , cesium may have some use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.…”

“…and exhibits a substantially longer whole-body retention time than potassium31 . Moreover, changes in the permeability of the brain-CSF barrier may occur in response to trace elements including cesium as observed in Alzheimer's disease 32 .…”

Optimal Monitoring Intervals and MDA Requirements for Routine Individual Monitoring of Occupational Intakes Based on the ICRP OIR

“…where, 10 -3 is a constant representing 1 mSv as an annual committed effective dose, N is the number of individual monitoring performed in a year, is the dose coefficient for inhalation or ingestion of radionuclide j, and is the fraction of the intake, called bioassay functions in the ICRP OIR [1], of radionuclide j remaining in the body or in the excretion sample after an elapsed time period t0.…”

“…Recently, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has published OIR (occupational intakes of radionuclides) report series for internal dosimetry of occupational intakes [1][2][3]. In Korea, several nuclear facilities operating nuclear power plants and a research reactor have carried out routine individual monitoring for JRPR radiation workers who are likely to be internally contaminated by radioactive materials with a form of unsealed sources.…”

“…In the present study, we derived the optimal monitoring intervals and the MDA of major radionuclides to fulfill the routine monitoring program based on the ICRP OIR reports [1][2][3] introducing the newly adopted biokinetic and dosimetric models. In addition, the optimized monitoring program based on the ICRP OIR was suggested to practically perform the routine individual monitoring of internal exposure for radiation workers.…”