ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hepeviridae 2022

Purdy, Michael A.; Drexler, Jan Felix; Meng, Xiang‐Jin; Nordér, Helené; Okamoto, Hiroaki; Poel, Wim van der; Reuter, Gábor; Souza, William Marciel de; Ulrich, Rainer G.; Smith, Donald B.

doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001778

Cited by 193 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Phylogenetic analysis was performed for 300 nt sequences of the HEV ORF2 region (corresponds to nt positions 5996-6295, numbering by strain M73218). Analysis was performed for an HEV dataset comprising a total of 931 sequences, including all the sequences from this study, a set of reference sequences according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) 2022 classification, [1] a set of sub-genotypes reference sequences according to the ICTV 2020 classification, [3] and 562 sequences from the GenBank that were identified as HEV-3, included our region of interest, had a known year and country of sample collection, and remained after the removal of redundant samples (skipredundant with a cutoff of 5%).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Non-Endemic Territories

Михайлов¹,

Karlsen²,

Potemkin³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The factors influencing hepatitis E virus (HEV) circulation remain largely unexplored. We investigated HEV seroprevalence in humans and the prevalence of infection in farm pigs and rabbits in different regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the genetic diversity and population dynamics of HEV. Anti-HEV IgG antibody detection rates in the general population increase significantly with age, from 1.5% in children and adolescents under 20 years old to 4.8% in adults aged between 20 and 59 years old, to 16.7% in people aged 60 years and older. HEV seroprevalence varies between regions, with the highest rate observed in Belgorod Region (16.4% compared with the national average of 4.6%), which also has the country’s highest pig population. When compared with the archival data, both increases and declines in HEV seroprevalence have been observed within the last 10 years, depending on the study region. Virus shedding has been detected in 19 out of the 21 pig farms surveyed. On one farm, circulation of the same viral strain for five years was documented. All human and animal strains belonged to the HEV-3 genotype, with its clade 2 sequences being predominant in pigs. Sequences from patients, pigs, and sewage from pig farms clustered together, suggesting a zoonotic infection in humans and possible environmental contamination. The HEV-3 population size predicted using SkyGrid reconstruction demonstrated exponential growth in the 1970s–1990s, with a subsequent decline followed by a short rise around the year 2010, the pattern being similar to the dynamics of the pig population in the country. The HEV-3 reproduction number (Re) predicted using Birth-Death Skyline analysis has fluctuated around 1 over the past 20 years in Russia, but is 10 times higher in Belgorod Region. In conclusion, HEV-3 circulation varies both geographically and temporally, even within a single country. The possible factors contributing to this variability are largely related to the circulation of the virus among farm pigs.

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Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hepatitis E virus (HEV), or species Paslahepevirus balayani [1], is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes acute, and in some immunocompromised patients, chronic hepatitis. The epidemiology and, evidently, the pathogenicity of HEV infection are largely dependent upon the HEV genotype [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Non-Endemic Territories

Михайлов¹,

Karlsen²,

Potemkin³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…In addition to humans, a diverse range of HEVs have been reported in other mammalian species, including but not limited to pigs, rabbits, camels, rats, bats and ferrets [4]. These mammalian HEVs are divided amongst three genera: Paslahepevirus , Rocahepevirus and Chirohepevirus [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a positive-sense, quasi-enveloped RNA virus classified under the family Hepeviridae and the subfamilies Orthohepevirinae and Parahepevirinae, although the latter only comprises a single species, Piscihepevirus heenan [1,2]. One of the most widely reported HEV infections occurs in humans, in which there have been more than 20 million infections worldwide [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subclinical hepatitis E virus infection in laboratory ferrets in the UK

Lean

Leblond

Byrne

et al. 2022

Journal of General Virology

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Ferrets are widely used for experimental modelling of viral infections. However, background disease in ferrets could potentially confound intended experimental interpretation. Here we report the detection of a subclinical infection of ferret hepatitis E virus (FRHEV) within a colony sub-group of female laboratory ferrets that had been enrolled on an experimental viral infection study (non-hepatitis). Lymphoplasmacytic cuffing of periportal spaces was identified on histopathology but was negative for the RNA and antigens of the administered virus. Follow-up viral metagenomic analysis conducted on liver specimens revealed sequences attributed to FRHEV and these were confirmed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Further genomic analysis revealed contiguous sequences spanning 79–95 % of the FRHEV genome and that the sequences were closely related to those reported previously in Europe. Using in situ hybridization by RNAScope, we confirmed the presence of HEV-specific RNA in hepatocytes. The HEV open reading frame 2 (ORF2) protein was also detected by immunohistochemistry in the hepatocytes and the biliary canaliculi. In conclusion, the results of our study provide evidence of background infection with FRHEV in laboratory ferrets. As this infection can be subclinical, we recommend routine monitoring of ferret populations using virological and liver function tests to avoid incorrect causal attribution of any liver disease detected in in vivo studies.

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“…Paslahepevirus balayani (previously known as hepatitis E virus [HEV]; family Hepeviridae ) is the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis in humans ( 1 , 2 ). Although 8 different genotypes of HEV have been identified, HEV-3 is the genotype with the broadest geographic distribution, including Europe, where the number of hepatitis E cases has sharply increased in the past decade ( 3 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Free-Ranging and Captive Cetaceans, Spain, 2011–2022

Caballero‐Gómez¹,

Rivero‐Juárez²,

Beato-Benítez³

et al. 2022

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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P aslahepevirus balayani (previously known as hepatitis E virus [HEV]; family Hepeviridae) is the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis in humans (1,2). Although 8 different genotypes of HEV have been identified, HEV-3 is the genotype with the broadest geographic distribution, including Europe, where the number of hepatitis E cases has sharply increased in the past decade (3). The main reservoirs of this genotype are suids, but a wide range of other land mammals has been shown to be susceptible to this emerging genotype (2). Although echinoderms and several bivalve shellfish species from coastal waters have tested positive for HEV, the susceptibility of other marine animals, such as cetaceans, to HEV has been unknown, as has their possible role in the epidemiology of this family of viruses (4). We conducted a large-scale study to determine the seroprevalence and prevalence of HEV in cetacean populations, both free-ranging and captive, in Spain, and to assess the dynamics of seropositivity in marine animals sampled longitudinally during the study period. The StudyWe collected blood and liver samples from 304 cetaceans belonging to 13 different species in Spain during 2011-2022 (Table 1; Figure 1). We based our study on 240 free-ranging animals found stranded on the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of Spain and 64 cetaceans kept in captivity at 6 aquatic parks (deemed A-F) in Spain. We performed longitudinal surveillance on 30 of the 64 animals kept in aquatic parks during the study period.We assessed the presence of HEV antibodies in serum or plasma using a commercial multispecies ELISA (MP Biomedicals, https://www.mpbio.com) and, whenever possible, further investigated seropositivity by Western blot analysis (Appendix, https:// wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/28/12/22-1188-App1. pdf). We determined the presence of HEV RNA by using 2 broad-spectrum reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assays in parallel (Appendix) (5,6). We analyzed

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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hepeviridae 2022

Cited by 193 publications

References 8 publications

Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Non-Endemic Territories

Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Non-Endemic Territories

Subclinical hepatitis E virus infection in laboratory ferrets in the UK

Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Free-Ranging and Captive Cetaceans, Spain, 2011–2022

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