Synthetic psychology describes the approach of "understanding through building" applied to the human condition. In this chapter, we consider the specific challenge of synthesizing a robot "sense of self". Our starting hypothesis is that the human self is brought into being by the activity of a set of transient self-processes instantiated by the brain and body. We propose that we can synthesize a robot self by developing equivalent subsystems within an integrated biomimetic cognitive architecture for a humanoid robot. We begin the chapter by motivating this work in the context of the criteria for recognizing other minds, and the challenge of benchmarking artificial intelligence against human, and conclude by describing efforts to create a sense of self for the iCub humanoid robot that has ecological, temporally-extended, interpersonal and narrative components set within a multi-layered model of mind. Alan Turing, one of the founders of computer science, once suggested that there were two paths to human-level Artificial Intelligence (AI)Ñone through emulating the more abstract abilities of the human mind, such as chess playing, the other, much closer to the spirit of this book, by providing a robot with Òthe best sense organs that money can buy, and then teach[ing] it to understand and speak English. This process could follow the normal teaching of a childÓ [66, p.460]. Turing was noncommittal about which approach would work best and suggested we try both. Two-thirds of a century after Turing, as different AIs battle between themselves to be the worldÕs best at chess [59], it is clear that the first approach has been spectacularly successful at producing some forms of machine intelligence, though not at emulating or approaching Ògeneral intelligenceÓÑthe