Ideal Female Brow Aesthetics

Comparison of soft-tissue orbital morphometry in attractive and normal Italian subjects

“…16 The selection was made independently by professionals of the media world (juries of beauty competitions) and not by lay people. 5 Indeed, jury ratings were linked to actual facial measurements. Even if the human visual system possesses a better sensitivity than the current anthropometric method, 21 health professionals cannot rely only on perception; they need objective data for their diagnosis and treatment.…”

“…[1][2][3][4]15 Studies on facial attractiveness focused both on the psychological bases of esthetic perception 1,3,16 and on actual measurements computed for faces ( faces) considered more or less attractive. 2,4,5,12,[17][18][19][20] Unfortunately, previous investigations were mostly performed on two-dimensional images (only Farkas 19 used three-dimensional measurements), did not report global measures such as facial areas, and scantly assessed men. Most of the preceding studies were made in women, and the assessment of male attractiveness was almost always limited to those parts of the face positively influenced by high testosterone levels (a signal of sexual dimorphism).…”

“…In particular, the eyes and the orbital region play a predominant role in the evaluation and recognition of the craniofacial complex 5,10,11 and are among those facial areas that are considered to be at the center of esthetic evaluation. 3,5,6,8,[12][13][14] According to the current theories of evolutionary psychology, the esthetic assessment of adult faces depends on various combinations of averageness, symmetry, neoteny (babyness) and youthfulness, and sexual dimorphism.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] For instance, a recent search in the PubMed database using the key word ''aesthetics'' produced 21,706 entries in the period 1950-2013; using ''aesthetics and face,'' a total of 3951 entries was obtained; and the combination ''aesthetics and (eye or orbital)'' produced 987 entries. 9 Sixty percent of these papers were published in the current century (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013), thus showing the increasing interest in facial esthetics.…”

“…3,5,6,8,[12][13][14] According to the current theories of evolutionary psychology, the esthetic assessment of adult faces depends on various combinations of averageness, symmetry, neoteny (babyness) and youthfulness, and sexual dimorphism. [1][2][3][4]15 Studies on facial attractiveness focused both on the psychological bases of esthetic perception 1,3,16 and on actual measurements computed for faces ( faces) considered more or less attractive.…”