Ideal Free Distributions of Nectar Foraging Bumblebees

Dreisig, Hans

doi:10.2307/3546218

Cited by 142 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…There is experimental evidence showing that bees will not systematically exploit a flower type if a better option is available (Inouye 1978;Dreisig 1995;Ohashi & Yahara 2002), but bees are not error-free. Deviations from IFD predictions will be related to the cost of foraging on the less desirable option.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource partitioning among flower visitors and evolution of nectar concealment in multi–species communities

Rodríguez‐Gironés¹,

Santamarı́a

2005

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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The plant community within which flower evolution takes place has largely been ignored. We develop two models for the evolution of nectar concealment when flowers are visited by legitimate pollinators and flower parasites. When there is a single plant species, no level of nectar concealment is evolutionarily stable: any population can be invaded by mutants exhibiting a higher level of nectar concealment. However, the presence of a second flower species with exposed nectar and not subject to evolution breaks the runaway process. In the presence of open flowers, depending on the fitness function there may be an evolutionarily stable level of nectar concealment, or more complex evolutionary dynamics, with nectar concealment fluctuating within a bounded range. Concealment of nectar from flower parasites can evolve even if it implies decreasing the accessibility of nectar to legitimate pollinators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource partitioning among flower visitors and evolution of nectar concealment in multi–species communities

Rodríguez‐Gironés¹,

Santamarı́a

2005

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Once it has detected a flower, the pollinator next must assess the quality of floral reward. Pollinators of several species are known to possess this ability (Forel 1910, Hainsworth and Wolf 1976, Heinrich et al 1977, Menzel 1985, Haslett 1989, Harder 1990 as well as the ability to match floral choices to rewards (Heinrich 1976, Pleasants 1981, Greggers and Menzel 1993, Dreisig 1995. Furthermore, pollinators such as hummingbirds, bees, flies, and butterflies can associate color signals with rewards (Goldsmith and Goldsmith 1979, Mazokhin-Porshnya-kov et a!.…”

Section: A Long-term Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When rewards are similar and/or travel is costly, however, the optimal strategy for a pollinator with knowledge of upcoming options (an experienced pollinator or one that is "periscopic," i.e., can see flowers in advance of reaching them) is to generalize by including multiple flower types in its foraging path or itinerary (Stephens andKrebs 1986, Mitchell 1989). In fact, travel is energetically costly (Lasiewski 1963, Heinrich 1979, Balderrama et al 1992, and floral rewards (at least nectar rewards) often are similar across species because pollinator foraging tends to equalize the effective value of all flowers (Heinrich 1976, Martinez del Rio and Eguiarte 1987, Dreisig 1995.…”

Section: When Should Pollinators Generalize?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalization in Pollination Systems, and Why it Matters

Waser¹,

Chittka²,

Price³

et al. 1996

Ecology

1,675

1,577

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One view of pollination systems is that they tend toward specialization. This view is implicit in many discussions of angiosperm evolution and plant—pollinator coevolution and in the long—standing concept of pollination syndromes. But actual pollination systems often are more generalized and dynamic than these traditions might suggest. To illustrate the range of specialization and generalization in pollinators' use of plants and vice versa, we draw on studies of two floras in the United States, and of members of several plant families and solitary bee genera. We also summarize a recent study of one local flora which suggests that, although the colors of flowers are aggregated in phenotype space, there is no strong association with pollinator types as pollination syndromes would predict. That moderate to substantial generalization often occurs is not surprising on theoretical grounds. Plant generalization is predicted by a simple model as long as temporal and spatial variance in pollinator quality is appreciable, different pollinator species do not fluctuate in unison, and they are similar in their pollination effectiveness. Pollinator generalization is predicted when floral rewards are similar across plant species, travel is costly, constraints of behavior and morphology are minor, and/or pollinator lifespan is long relative to flowering of individual plant species. Recognizing that pollination systems often are generalized has important implications. In ecological predictions of plant reproductive success and population dynamics it is useful to widen the focus beyond flower visitors within the correct" pollination syndrome, and to recognize temporal and spatial fluidity of interactions. Behavioral studies of pollinator foraging choices and information—processing abilities will benefit from understanding the selective advantages of generalization. In studies of floral adaptation, microevolution, and plant speciation one should recognize that selection and gene flow vary in time and space and that the contribution of pollinators to reproductive isolation of plant species may be overstated. In conservation biology, generalized pollination systems imply resilience to linked extinctions, but also the possibility for introduced generalists to displace natives with a net loss of diversity.

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“…Interface 11: 20140665 simulated annealing have also been identified in bumblebees [42]. The employment of fast simulated annealing by bumblebees is consistent with numbers of nectar foraging bumblebees following 'ideal free distributions' [43]. Ideal free distribution theory predicts that foragers should distribute themselves on a variable resource so that the individual food intake rate is the same at all local areas or patches [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Signatures of active and passive optimized Lévy searching in jellyfish

Reynolds

2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Some of the strongest empirical support for Lévy search theory has come from telemetry data for the dive patterns of marine predators (sharks, bony fishes, sea turtles and penguins). The dive patterns of the unusually large jellyfish Rhizostoma octopus do, however, sit outside of current Lévy search theory which predicts that a single search strategy is optimal. When searching the water column, the movement patterns of these jellyfish change over time. Movement bouts can be approximated by a variety of Lévy and Brownian (exponential) walks. The adaptive value of this variation is not known. On some occasions movement pattern data are consistent with the jellyfish prospecting away from a preferred depth, not finding an improvement in conditions elsewhere and so returning to their original depth. This 'bounce' behaviour also sits outside of current Lévy walk search theory. Here, it is shown that the jellyfish movement patterns are consistent with their using optimized 'fast simulated annealing'-a novel kind of Lévy walk search pattern-to locate the maximum prey concentration in the water column and/ or to locate the strongest of many olfactory trails emanating from more distant prey. Fast simulated annealing is a powerful stochastic search algorithm for locating a global maximum that is hidden among many poorer local maxima in a large search space. This new finding shows that the notion of active optimized Lévy walk searching is not limited to the search for randomly and sparsely distributed resources, as previously thought, but can be extended to embrace other scenarios, including that of the jellyfish R. octopus. In the presence of convective currents, it could become energetically favourable to search the water column by riding the convective currents. Here, it is shown that these passive movements can be represented accurately by Lévy walks of the type occasionally seen in R. octopus. This result vividly illustrates that Lévy walks are not necessarily the result of selection pressures for advantageous searching behaviour but can instead arise freely and naturally from simple processes. It also shows that the family of Lévy walkers is vastly larger than previously thought and includes spores, pollens, seeds and minute wingless arthropods that on warm days disperse passively within the atmospheric boundary layer.

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Ideal Free Distributions of Nectar Foraging Bumblebees

Cited by 142 publications

References 33 publications

Resource partitioning among flower visitors and evolution of nectar concealment in multi–species communities

Resource partitioning among flower visitors and evolution of nectar concealment in multi–species communities

Generalization in Pollination Systems, and Why it Matters

Signatures of active and passive optimized Lévy searching in jellyfish

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