‘Ideal-Problem-Solution’ (IPS) Model

Abstract

Research article introductions (RAIs) play a significant role in gaining publication, and therefore have been studied by many applied linguists. Research into RAIs published in Indonesia has begun to be developed (Adnan, 2009; Mirahayuni, 2001; Safnil, 2000), and generally conclude that Indonesian Humanities RAIs were structured differently from English RAIs. However, as these are early studies, their findings still awaits scrutiny, and little information on Indonesian RAIs especially in Education has been published. Several models describing discourse structure of research article introductions have been proposed, but they have been problematic when applied to analyse RAIs. This paper reports an examination of the applicability of two important models, the CARS (Swales, 1990) and the PJP model claimed to be an Indonesian model of Humanities RAIs (Safnil, 2000), using a selection of 21 Indonesian research article Introductions (RAIs) written by Indonesian academics in Education. It concentrates on the following questions: To what extent do these models fit the data and why? The examination found that none of the RAIs fit the CARS, and only less than half fit the PJP model for various reasons. Therefore a new model is proposed. This model fits most of the data. The paper claims that apart from national concerns, discourse patterns of RAIs are also affected by writing guides provided by the discipline.

How to Write an English Research Introduction?

“…This study focuses on analyzing the some research article introduction models or styles, applied by Swale in Hartley (2008: 41), Slatcher & Pennebaker's introduction as cited by Hartley (2008;42), Jogthong (2001), Adnan (2011), Jalilifar (2010, Al-Qahtani (2006), Tulu (2009), Ball and Vincent as cited by Woods (1999), and Kalandadze (2007). The analysis styles are on their generic structures.…”

“…Create a Research Space (CARS) from Swales and PJP from Safnil were analyzed by Adnan (2011) in his Ideal-Problem-Solution (IPS) of Research Article Introductions (RAIs). In the results of his research that the possible problems lie in the inappropriate rhetorical patterns found in the introductions of Indonesian research articles, but he only examined the introductions and citations.…”

“…Therefore, they mostly used this model to organize their RAIs. Then, Adnan (2011) used CARS and PJP to analyze the Indonesian RAIs, specifically in the introduction section. Writing research article introductions using CARS model dominated in their generic structures.…”

“…Then, Adnan (2011), offered an IPS model as a pattern to organize the generic structures in the RAIs. In his model, there are three moves in which each move has strategy choices (as stated 'or').…”

“…It may have some patterns. Writing English research introductions had been also conducted by many experts and practitioners such as Swale in Hartley (2008;41), Slatcher & Pennebaker's introduction as cited by Hartley (2008;42), Jogthong (2001), Adnan (2011), Jalilifar (2010, Al-Qahtani (2006), Tulu (2009), Ball and Vincent as cited by Woods (1999), Kalandadze (2007), etc. Those may be well applied in their environments, but in other sides, we should investigate the needs for our environments.…”