Ideal versus Nonideal Transport of PFAS in Unsaturated Porous Media

Brusseau, Mark L.; Guo, Bo; Huang, Dandan; Yan, Ni; Lyu, Ying

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117405

Cited by 44 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The hydrophobic and oleophobic properties limit their concentration in the soil pore water, which causes strong accumulation of PFAS at the AWI in the vadose zone (Anderson et al., 2019; Brusseau et al., 2021). A growing body of field studies have reported that the vadose zone acts as a significant reservoir for PFAS due to the strong interaction of PFAS with the AWI (Costanza et al., 2019; Schaefer et al., 2019; Silva et al., 2019).…”

Section: Fate and Transport Of Pfas In Subsurface Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SDS refers to sodium dodecyl sulfate. The multi‐process mass‐transfer models, including Brusseau 2020 (a–b) (Brusseau, 2020), Brusseau 2021 (c–d) (Brusseau et al., 2021) (Guo et al., 2020), and (e–f) (Ji et al., 2021) can describe the transport behaviors of PFAS under saturated and saturated porous media. Copyrights: 2020 Elsevier, 2021 Elsevier, and 2021 American Chemical Society (reproduction with permission).…”

Section: Modeling Pfas Transport In Subsurface Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PFAS adsorption at the fluid‐fluid interfaces including AWI and NWI is important, and is relevant for PFAS transport in the vadose zone (Brusseau, 2018; Brusseau et al., 2021; Lyu et al., 2018; Li et al., 2021; McKenzie et al., 2016). A comprehensive compartment model that incorporates all potential processes relevant for PFAS transport in subsurface environments was developed by Brusseau (2018).…”

Section: Modeling Pfas Transport In Subsurface Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a few PFOA and PFOS alternative compounds have been identified in the environmental and drinking water samples (Heydebreck et al., 2015; Sun et al., 2016), which may pose a potential risk to the human health. Additionally, recent studies have demonstrated that PFAS transport can be retarded in the vadose zone due to the adsorption on air (e.g., at the air–water interface; AWI) (Brusseau, 2018; Brusseau et al., 2019, 2021; Schaefer et al., 2022). However, our knowledge on the fate and transport of these novel PFAS compounds in subsurface environments (e.g., in the vadose zone rich in AWIs) remains largely limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Subsurface Environments: Occurrence, Fate, Transport, and Research Prospect

Lyu

Xiao

Shen

et al. 2022

Reviews of Geophysics

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Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), also known as “forever chemicals,” are manmade chemicals that have been increasingly detected in various geological settings since the early 2000s. The soil and subsurface environments are the geological media commonly affected by PFAS. We conducted a comprehensive review of peer‐reviewed articles published from 2010 through 2022 concerning the fate and transport of PFAS in subsurface environments. This review is organized into different subsections, covering the basics of PFAS properties and how they affect the occurrence, fate, and transport of PFAS, the fundamental processes affecting subsurface transport and fate of PFAS, and mathematical models for describing and predicting PFAS transport behaviors. Mechanisms governing PFAS transport in the subsurface environment, including the sorption of PFAS at the air‐water interface, solid‐water interface, and nonaqueous phase liquids‐water interface, were explored in detail. Challenges and future research priorities are identified to better mitigate the global challenges of PFAS contamination.

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Section: Fate and Transport Of Pfas In Subsurface Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modeling Pfas Transport In Subsurface Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modeling Pfas Transport In Subsurface Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Subsurface Environments: Occurrence, Fate, Transport, and Research Prospect

Lyu

Xiao

Shen

et al. 2022

Reviews of Geophysics

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“…[NAPL]-water interfaces). The impact of air-water interfacial adsorption on retention and transport of PFOS, PFOA, and GenX in unsaturated porous media has been examined in miscible-displacement laboratory studies (Brusseau et al, 2021). Mathematical-model simulations of representative PFAS application scenarios have also illustrated the influence of air-water interfacial adsorption on PFAS retention and migration in the vadose zone (Guo et al, 2020;Silva et al, 2020).…”

Section: Soil Retentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PFAS Experts Symposium 2: Key advances in poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl characterization, fate, and transport

Bryant¹,

Anderson

Bolyard

et al. 2022

Remediation Journal

Self Cite

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The PFAS Experts Symposium 2, held virtually from June 29 to July 1, 2021, brought together experts from a wide range of disciplines to discuss recent advances and current thinking regarding per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment. Within the general areas of characterization and fate and transport, three topics were identified that are of relevance for site assessment and remediation, and for which our understanding has greatly expanded or evolved since the first PFAS Experts Symposium in 2019: the significance of background PFAS sources to the environment, the relevance and use of nonselective analytes in site characterization, and PFAS retention in soil and the vadose zone. PFAS have been identified in shallow soil nearly worldwide, including far from known or suspected PFAS sources, and PFAS detected in soil and groundwater at sites under environmental investigation may not reflect on-site sources. New advances in nonselective preparation and analytical methods offer promise for more rapid site screening and for assessing the presence and relative concentration of nontargeted PFAS. We also now recognize that a wide range of soil characteristics and processes may affect PFAS sorption and desorption from soil, and ultimately influence PFAS mobility and concentration in groundwater and surface water. 1 | INTRODUCTION This paper was developed as an outcome from presentations by the Characterization, Fate, and Transport group given as part of the PFAS Experts Symposium 2 (Symposium), a virtual, invitation-only conference held from June 29 to July 1, 2021. The Symposium was a follow-up to a previous PFAS Experts Symposium held in May 2019 (Simon et al., 2019). The primary objective of the Symposium was to share current and emerging information and thinking regarding per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) among experts representing a wide range of different scientific and technical fields, and to serve as an update to ideas and concepts first developed in the 2019 Symposium. Each of the listed authors participated in the Symposium and contributed to the discussions and presentations.

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Simulating PFAS transport in effluent‐irrigated farmland using PRZM5, LEACHM, and HYDRUS‐1D models

Liao,

Garza‐Rubalcava,

Abriola

et al. 2024

J of Env Quality

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Application of wastewater effluent to agricultural lands can serve as a sustainable approach to meet irrigation and nutrient needs for crop production. While nitrogen and phosphorous loadings can be effectively managed, concerns have been raised regarding the fate of emerging contaminants, including per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are widely detected in wastewater effluent. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the ability of three unsaturated flow and transport models, Pesticide Root Zone Model 5 (PRZM5), LEACHM, and HYDRUS‐1D, to predict the distribution of PFAS in the soil profile at the Pennsylvania State University Living Filter site, which has received daily wastewater effluent applications for several decades. The models were modified to include adsorption at the air–water interface (AWI), which has been shown to be an important factor governing PFAS transport and phase distribution in the vadose zone. Simulations showed that PRZM5 did not accurately reproduce the observed perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) behavior, which was attributed to the “tipping bucket” approach used for water flow that results in the disappearance of AWI during water flow. In contrast, both LEACHM and HYDRUS‐1D captured the observed retention of PFOS and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) over a 50‐year simulation period. Due to differences in the approach used to calculate the AWI area, LEACHM predicted greater accumulation of PFOS and PFOA at the AWI compared to HYDRUS‐1D. These findings indicate that mathematical models that directly account for unsaturated water flow and adsorption at the AWI are able to provide reasonable predictions of long‐term PFAS leaching resulting from land application of wastewater effluent.

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Ideal versus Nonideal Transport of PFAS in Unsaturated Porous Media

Cited by 44 publications

References 53 publications

Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Subsurface Environments: Occurrence, Fate, Transport, and Research Prospect

Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Subsurface Environments: Occurrence, Fate, Transport, and Research Prospect

PFAS Experts Symposium 2: Key advances in poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl characterization, fate, and transport

Simulating PFAS transport in effluent‐irrigated farmland using PRZM5, LEACHM, and HYDRUS‐1D models

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