Idealism and Relativism Across Cultures

MacNab, Ying C.; Malloy, David Cruise; Hadjistavropoulos, Thomas; Sevigny, Phillip R.; McCarthy, Elizabeth Fahey; Murakami, Masaaki; Paholpak, Suchat; Natarajan, Shalini; Liu, Peilai L.

doi:10.1177/0022022110383313

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…• "When comparing ML-based SEM with BSEM, some advantages of the BSEM approach have been suggested … better small-sample performance can be obtained, as the Gibbs sampler has been found reliable for all Ns" (Stenling, Ivarsson, Johnson, & Lindwall, 2015, p. 412). • "Compared to traditional CFA models, the sample size requirement for a Bayesian CFA is generally more relaxed" (McNab et al, 2010(McNab et al, , p. 1274.…”

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confidence: 99%

On Using Bayesian Methods to Address Small Sample Problems

McNeish

2016

Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal

401

261

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confidence: 99%

On Using Bayesian Methods to Address Small Sample Problems

McNeish

2016

Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal

401

261

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“…Another important question concerns the ethical orientation of respondents (and perhaps experts who evaluated our vignettes) and the impact of this in ethical decision making. Such questions have begun to be examined in a variety of health care contexts (e.g., Hadjistavropoulos, Malloy, Sharpe, & Fuchs-Lacelle, 2003;MacNab et al, 2011) and would be fruitful to incorporate them in investigations of the CCEP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the specific situational context, however, it is important to recognise the role of culture in ethical decision making and that any hierarchical ordering of principles may not be consistent across cultures (Aubé, 2011;Forsyth, O'Boyle, & McDaniel, 2008;Franke & Nadler, 2008;MacNab et al, 2011;Malloy, Sevigny, et al, 2009;Sinclair, 2011). As such, empirical findings pertaining to hierarchical organisations of ethical principles should be considered as being culture specific.…”

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confidence: 99%

A mixed methods investigation of the effects of ranking ethical principles on decision making: Implications for the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists.

Williams¹,

Hadjistavropoulos²,

Malloy³

et al. 2012

Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne

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The principles in the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists (CCEP; Canadian Psychological Association, 2000) are ranked in order of importance. Although there is some support for the ranking, it is unclear whether its utilization leads to more ethical decision making. We investigated whether medical residents and undergraduate students who were given information about the ranking would provide more ethical (i.e., in accordance with the CCEP) and consistent responses to dilemmas and would be more confident in their decisions than participants not provided with ranking information. Forty-seven medical residents and 45 students were taught about the CCEP principles. Half of the participants were provided with information about the ranked order. Participants responded to 6 vignettes describing ethical dilemmas with courses of action, by rating whether the course of action was ethical and providing a by rationale. Participants, who knew about the ranking, provided ratings that were more consistent with the CCEP although the pattern varied across vignettes. Moreover, participants in the ranked condition made decisions faster than participants in the unranked condition. We found no evidence that participants were more likely to agree with each other when familiar with the CCEP hierarchy. Finally, students in the ranked condition were less confident than students in the unranked condition whereas ranking did not affect the residents' confidence. Thematic analysis of participants' rationales revealed that, among those who responded inconsistently with the CCEP, some had misunderstood the ethical principles, misinterpreted the relative vulnerability of the parties depicted in the vignettes, and/or provided rationales that were consistent with the code whereas their ratings were not. Specific contextual factors that affected decision making are discussed as are the implications of these findings for the CCEP.

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“…A separate study, which administered the EPQ to a sample of physicians from China's Shandong Province, found that a four-factor structure best represented EPQ responses (MacNab, Malloy, Hadjistravropoulos, Sevigny, McCarthy, Murakami, Paholpak, Natarajan, & Liu, 2011). The four factors consisted of Idealism A (EPQ 1, 2, 6, 8, and 9); Idealism B (EPQ 3, 4, 5, 7, 10); Relativism A (EPQ 11,12,13,19,20); and Relativism B (EPQ 14-18).…”

Section: Understanding the Epq And Applying It To The Chinese Culturamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study noted that the Redfern (2004) analysis also had low loadings for EPQ 8, 9, 11, and 20, although there were additional low-loading questions in that study. MacNab et al (2011) also noted that a study which administered the EPQ to a population in Hong Kong similarly shared low loading variables (Cui, Mitchell, Schlegelmilch, & Cornwell, 2005). Forsyth et al (2008) conducted a meta-analysis of 139 studies from 29 countries which used the EPQ to assess levels of idealism and relativism in the countries of study.…”

Section: Understanding the Epq And Applying It To The Chinese Culturamentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese Ethics: An Empirical Study of Idealism and Relativism

Allen¹,

Lloyd²,

Peer³

2019

BMS

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The purpose of this empirical study is to examine the relationships between ethical views of certain Chinese demographics and to consider different trends that may affect academic and business considerations in the future pertaining to East-West interaction. This study utilizes Forsyth’s Ethics Position Questionnaire (EPQ) to assess the ethical views of 401 Chinese undergraduate students in a rural province of Central China. Regression analyses are applied to investigate the following hypotheses: In a new Chinese context, the EPQ is applicable for assessing the ethical views of Chinese undergraduate students in rural China. Rural Chinese undergraduate student EPQ results are demonstrative of, and, in view of prior studies, are predictive of changes in Chinese ethical considerations. Rural Chinese undergraduate student EPQ results reflect long held Eastern worldview approaches however, in view of prior studies, there is some increasing similarity with Western EPQ outcomes. The findings of this study support the acceptance of the first and third null hypotheses. The practical implications of this study include an understanding that China, though it is rapidly equating with Western levels of market technology and sophistication, continues to resist Western ideals and ethics. Rather, the blending of Western and Eastern principles will continue to evolve and the Chinese worldview will continue to be dominated by the goals and needs of the Chinese State in a reflection of the millennia old culture. The value of this study is that it updates data relating to Chinese ethical approaches in a fast-changing Chinese and global marketplace. Secondly, it clarifies the different considerations and approaches needed when Westerners are dealing with Chinese counterparts in academia and/or business. Lastly, it posits current and future trends likely to affect East-West relationships in these realms.

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Idealism and Relativism Across Cultures

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

On Using Bayesian Methods to Address Small Sample Problems

On Using Bayesian Methods to Address Small Sample Problems

A mixed methods investigation of the effects of ranking ethical principles on decision making: Implications for the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists.

Chinese Ethics: An Empirical Study of Idealism and Relativism

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