Identical neural risk factors predict cognitive deficit in dyslexia and schizophrenia.

Leonard, Christiana M.; Kuldau, John M.; Maron, Leeza; Ricciuti, Nikki; Mahoney, Bryan; Bengtson, Michael A.; DeBose, Cheryl B

doi:10.1037/0894-4105.22.2.147

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…A key methodological difference is whether cortical surface or volume was measured. Several of the studies that did not report asymmetry reductions in patients used PT surface (e.g., Kleinschmidt et al, 1994;Kulynych et al, 1995;Leonard et al, 2008), rather than the volume measures used in the present study, although a few studies found reduced or reversed asymmetry with surface measures as well . Some of the earlier volumetric studies used rather coarse tessellations of the regions of interest (e.g., square grids with several millimeters of spacing) , which may have resulted in overestimations of cortical volume and made the method less sensitive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Alternative diagnostic approaches, for example based on endophenotypes, may be useful for future investigations to further restrict the inherent heterogeneity of symptoms and syndromes within schizophrenia (Gottesman and Gould, 2003;Braff et al, 2007). Another moot case is whether reduced temporal lobe asymmetry, if it exists, is specifically associated with schizophrenia or rather with cognitive impairment and poor coping abilities, as suggested by Leonard et al (2008). Our findings in relatives would support a specific association with schizophrenia risk, although they do not rule out that altered asymmetry is also an independent risk factor for language or other cognitive impairments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reduced Laterality as a Trait Marker ofSchizophrenia—Evidence from Structural and Functional Neuroimaging

Oertel¹,

Knöchel²,

Rotarska-Jagiela³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

120

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Laterality is a characteristic principle of the organization of the brain systems for language, and reduced hemispheric asymmetry has been considered a risk factor for schizophrenia. Here we sought support for the risk factor hypothesis by investigating whether reduced asymmetry of temporal lobe structure and function is also present in unaffected relatives. Sixteen schizophrenia patients, 16 age-matched first-degree relatives, and 15 healthy controls underwent high-resolution three-dimensional anatomical imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging during auditory stimulation. Both the overall auditory cortex and planum temporale volumes and the lateralization to the left hemisphere were markedly reduced in patients. The decrease of lateralization correlated with increased severity of symptoms. In addition, both the overall functional activation in response to auditory stimulation and its asymmetry were reduced in the patients. Relatives had intermediate values between patients and controls on both structural and functional measures. This study provides added support for the idea that reduced hemispheric asymmetry is a biological risk factor for schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Laterality as a Trait Marker ofSchizophrenia—Evidence from Structural and Functional Neuroimaging

Oertel¹,

Knöchel²,

Rotarska-Jagiela³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Certainly, functional imaging studies show cerebellar engagement during reading tasks (e.g., Turkeltaub et al, 2002; reviewed in Stoodley and Stein, 2011) and a magnetoencephalography study by Kujala et al (2007) indicated that the cerebellum was one of the forward-driving nodes in the reading network. Structural differences in the cerebellum have been reported in dyslexia (e.g., Eckert, 2004), including differences in symmetry (with dyslexic individuals showing less-asymmetric cerebella than their TD counterparts, who generally show a rightward cerebellar asymmetry; Rae et al, 2002; Kibby et al, 2008; Leonard et al, 2008). Pernet et al (2009) reported that a region in right lobule VI was the most significant biomarker for classification of adult dyslexic brains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct regions of the cerebellum show gray matter decreases in autism, ADHD, and developmental dyslexia

Stoodley

2014

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

228

174

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Differences in cerebellar structure have been identified in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and developmental dyslexia. However, it is not clear if different cerebellar regions are involved in each disorder, and thus whether cerebellar anatomical differences reflect a generic developmental vulnerability or disorder-specific characteristics. To clarify this, we conducted an anatomic likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis on voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies which compared ASD (17 studies), ADHD (10 studies), and dyslexic (10 studies) participants with age-matched typically-developing (TD) controls. A second ALE analysis included studies in which the cerebellum was a region of interest (ROI). There were no regions of significantly increased gray matter (GM) in the cerebellum in ASD, ADHD, or dyslexia. Data from ASD studies revealed reduced GM in the inferior cerebellar vermis (lobule IX), left lobule VIIIB, and right Crus I. In ADHD, significantly decreased GM was found bilaterally in lobule IX, whereas participants with developmental dyslexia showed GM decreases in left lobule VI. There was no overlap between the cerebellar clusters identified in each disorder. We evaluated the functional significance of the regions revealed in both whole-brain and cerebellar ROI ALE analyses using Buckner and colleagues' 7-network functional connectivity map available in the SUIT cerebellar atlas. The cerebellar regions identified in ASD showed functional connectivity with frontoparietal, default mode, somatomotor, and limbic networks; in ADHD, the clusters were part of dorsal and ventral attention networks; and in dyslexia, the clusters involved ventral attention, frontoparietal, and default mode networks. The results suggest that different cerebellar regions are affected in ASD, ADHD, and dyslexia, and these cerebellar regions participate in functional networks that are consistent with the characteristic symptoms of each disorder.

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“…A recent structural MRI (sMRI) study linked these difficulties to structural abnormalities in language-related regions (Leonard et al, 2008). Similar regions have been implicated in primary reading disability (RD).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic influences of cortical gray matter in language-related regions in healthy controls and schizophrenia

Jamadar

Powers

Meda

et al. 2011

Schizophrenia Research

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Individuals with schizophrenia show a broad range of language impairments, including reading difficulties. A recent structural MRI (sMRI) study linked these difficulties to structural abnormalities in language-related regions (Leonard et al., 2008). Similar regions have been implicated in primary reading disability (RD). Major hypotheses of RD implicate abnormal embryonic neuronal migration in the cortex, and genetic linkage and association studies have identified a number of candidate RD genes that are associated with neuronal migration (Paracchini et al., 2007). Interestingly, evidence suggests at least some individuals with schizophrenia also show impaired neuronal migration in the cortex (Akbarian et al., 1996). Thus the aim of this study was to examine the link between RD-related genes and grey matter volumes in healthy controls and schizophrenia. We used parallel independent component analysis (parallel-ICA) to examine the relationship between grey matter volumes extracted using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning FOXP2 and four RD-related genes, DCDC2, DYX1C1, KIAA0319 and TTRAP. Parallel-ICA identified five sMRI-SNP relationships. Superior and inferior cerebellar networks were related to DYX1C1 and DCDC2/KIAA0319 respectively in both groups. The superior prefrontal, temporal and occipital networks were positively related to DCDC2 in the schizophrenia, but not the control group. The identified networks closely correspond to the known distribution of language processes in the cortex. Thus, reading and language difficulties in schizophrenia may be related to distributed cortical structural abnormalities associated with RD-related genes.

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Identical neural risk factors predict cognitive deficit in dyslexia and schizophrenia.

Cited by 29 publications

References 69 publications

Reduced Laterality as a Trait Marker ofSchizophrenia—Evidence from Structural and Functional Neuroimaging

Reduced Laterality as a Trait Marker ofSchizophrenia—Evidence from Structural and Functional Neuroimaging

Distinct regions of the cerebellum show gray matter decreases in autism, ADHD, and developmental dyslexia

Genetic influences of cortical gray matter in language-related regions in healthy controls and schizophrenia

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