Identical Twins are Discordant for Markers of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

Gulbin, JP; Gaffney, PT

doi:10.1055/s-2002-35076

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These data suggest there might be a genetic underpinning that causes some individuals to be more susceptible to damage. However, this interpretation is inconsistent with a previous study (Gulbin & Gaffney, 2002) that examined the damage response in 16 pairs of identical twins who performed 24 maximal ECC using the elbow flexors and found the twins did not experience the same amount of muscle damage following an identical exercise bout (Gulbin & Gaffney, 2002). The authors concluded that individual variability following high-force eccentric exercise cannot be attributed to genetic differences.…”

Section: Discussion Discussion Discussion Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Another possible factor that has been attributed to responder status is force application at long muscle lengths. It has been shown that subtle force applications at long muscle lengths can alter a participant's high or low response to the exercise (Gulbin & Gaffney, 2002;Child, Saxton, & Donnelly, 1998;Newham, Jones, Ghosh, & Aurora, 1988). Because this technique (a force-angle curve) was not determined during eccentric muscle contractions in this study, it is possible that "responder" consistency was due to the manner in which participants performed the exercise as well as behavioral factors (i.e., the speed of lowering dumbbell muscle actions during ECC30 and ECC70 or whether the participants had participated in physical activity in the past) may partially account for the consistent response in this study.…”

Section: Discussion Discussion Discussion Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability in Muscle Damage After Eccentric Exercise and the Repeated Bout Effect

Chen

2006

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport

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The first purpose of this study was to determine a possible explanation for the variability in the response to eccentric exercise by having participants repeat the same exercise 1 year apart. The second purpose was to examine whether initial injury in response to eccentric exercise was associated with the extent of the repeated bout effect (RBE). Male students performed 30 eccentric contractions (ECC) of the elbow flexors using a dumbbell set at 80% of the pre-exercise maximal isometric force (MIF). Participants were then classified into low (LR; n=6), medium (MR; n=6), high (HR; n=5), and higher (HrR; n=7) based on the increase in blood creatine kinase (CK) activity. A year later, participants repeated this exercise (ECC30). Four days after ECC30, participants performed 70 eccentric contractions (ECC70). Range of motion, MFI upper arm circumference, soreness, and blood CK activity were measured before and up to 9 days after each bout. The change in the criterion measures following ECC and ECC30 were similar for each group. There were no further changes in all parameters after ECC70 for MR, HR, and HrR, although there was a small increase in CK after ECC70 for LR. LR showed a smaller RBE after ECC70 compared with the other groups. It is concluded that participants who exercised 1 year apart showed remarkably similar responses between the bouts. The extent of the RBE following the second bout for the LR group is less for participants who demonstrate the least evidence of muscle damage after a first exercise bout.

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Section: Discussion Discussion Discussion Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussion Discussion Discussion Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Muscle Damage After Eccentric Exercise and the Repeated Bout Effect

Chen

2006

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport

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“…Thomis et al (1997) found that the variability in maximal isometric strength of the elbow flexors between 110°and 170°was highly related to genetic factors, and this has also been suggested by Clarkson et al (2005). However, Gulbin and Gaffney (2002), studying pairs of identical twins, concluded that the individual variability in responses to eccentric exercise was not related to genetic heterogeneity. It is likely that differences in training status, level of physical conditioning and musculoskeletal architecture (Fridén and Lieber 2001) were associated with the variability we observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is isometric strength loss immediately after eccentric exercise related to changes in indirect markers of muscle damage?

Nosaka

Chapman²,

Newton³

et al. 2006

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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This study tested the hypothesis that the magnitude of maximal isometric strength (MVC) loss immediately following eccentric exercise (MVC-post) would relate to changes in other indirect markers of muscle damage following exercise. Eighty-nine men were recruited from the same student population and performed 24 maximal eccentric actions of the elbow flexors. Commonly used markers of muscle damage such as relaxed and flexed elbow joint angles, range of motion (ROM), upper-arm circumference, muscle soreness, and plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity were measured before, immediately after, and 1-4 d after exercise. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients (r) between change in MVC-post and other markers of muscle damage, as well as MVC during recovery days, were calculated. Changes in MVC-post ranged from -72.8% to -17.6%, and correlated significantly (p < 0.01) with MVC at 1 (r = 0.59), 2 (0.63), 3 (0.61), and 4 (0.62) d after exercise. Reduction in MVC-post also correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with changes in relaxed (r = 0.50) and flexed elbow joint angles (-0.40), ROM (0.55), arm circumference (-0.45), peak palpation (-0.34) and extension muscle soreness (-0.48), and peak CK activity (-0.59). However, the r values were not necessarily high, and MVC-post poorly reflected the distribution of some measures, such as peak CK activity (124 - 50 440 IU x L(-1). These results suggest that MVC-post is not a strong correlate of the changes in markers of muscle damage following eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors.

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“…30 For this reason, the plasma activity of CK is used as a marker of exercise-induced muscle damage. 31 In some of the cats in the present study, struggling in response to transport in confinement and subsequent handling may have caused plasma CK activity to increase. The skewed distribution of the plasma concentrations of ␣-MSH, ACTH, and cortisol is probably due to the pulsatile release of these hormones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Plasma Renin Activity and Plasma Concentrations of Aldosterone, Cortisol, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, and α-Melanocyte–Stimulating Hormone in Healthy Cats

Javadi¹,

Slingerland²,

Beek³

et al. 2004

J Vet Int Med

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A pathogenetic role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has been implicated in cats in both systemic arterial hypertension and hypokalemic myopathy. Yet, measurement of plasma aldosterone concentrations (PACs) and plasma renin activity (PRA) has not unequivocally pointed to hyperaldosteronism as a cause of these conditions. To obtain appropriate reference ranges, this study included a large number (130) of healthy house cats of different breeds without a history of recent illness and plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine below the upper limit of the respective reference ranges. In addition, the pituitary-adrenocortical axis was studied by measuring plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), and cortisol. Reference ranges for PACs (110-540 pmol/L; 40-195 pg/mL), PRA (60-630 fmol/L/s; 0.3-3 ng/mL/h), and the aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) (0.3-3.8) were very similar to those established in the same laboratory for humans in a supine position. No breed differences were found. The ARRs in neutered cats were significantly higher than in intact cats, primarily because of low PRA in neutered cats. The ARRs of cats > or = 5 years of age were significantly higher than those of cats < 5 years of age. The plasma concentrations of ACTH, alpha-MSH, and cortisol did not correlate significantly with PAC. Thus, although blood sampling was performed in cats in nonstandardized positions and was associated with a wide variation of stress responses, the references ranges of PAC, PRA, and ARR were similar to the relatively narrow limits established for humans under standardized conditions. The effects of neutering and aging on PRA and ARR warrant further investigation.

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Identical Twins are Discordant for Markers of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Variability in Muscle Damage After Eccentric Exercise and the Repeated Bout Effect

Variability in Muscle Damage After Eccentric Exercise and the Repeated Bout Effect

Is isometric strength loss immediately after eccentric exercise related to changes in indirect markers of muscle damage?

Plasma Renin Activity and Plasma Concentrations of Aldosterone, Cortisol, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, and α-Melanocyte–Stimulating Hormone in Healthy Cats

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