Identifiable neurons in the locust central nervous system that react with antibodies to serotonin

Abstract

A detailed account is given of a number of neurons in the locust central nervous system that react with antibody raised to serotonin-albumin complex. The antibody was applied to a series of frozen sections of locust ganglia and visualized by using the peroxidase immunohistochemical procedure. The neurons described include certain afferents and their related neuropiles, a small number of efferents and several systems of interneurons, some of which are segmentally repeated, some run from the brain through the whole nerve cord, while others are confined to the brain. It has been possible to identify many of the neurons from previous descriptions obtained from cobalt, Golgi, and osmium ethyl gallate methods.

Distribution of input and output synapses on the central branches of bushcricket and cricket auditory afferent neurones: Immunocytochemical evidence for GABA and glutamate in different populations of presynaptic boutons

“…The results of our immuncytochemical analysis suggest however that if such connections do exist, they can at best only represent a small minority of the inputs. Between 85 and 95% of input synapses made onto the auditory afferents are immunoreactive for either GABA or glutamate neither of which is found in Orthopteran sensory afferents (Watson, 1986;Bicker et al, 1988;Watson and SeymourLaurent, 1993) that are mainly cholinergic (Sattelle et al, 1983;Tyrer, 1987, 1988;Parker and Newland, 1995) though some appear to be immunoreactive for serotonin (Tyrer et al, 1984;Lutz et al, 1985;Lutz and Tyrer, 1988). Direct contacts between sensory afferents have not been described outside the visual system and were not observed for example, in preparations of locust hairplate afferents where several sensory neurones had been stained even though afferent terminals lay side by side as postsynaptic partners at the same dyadic synapses .…”

Substantial changes in central nervous system neurotransmitters and neuromodulators accompany phase change in the locust

“…Only a small number of neurones in the fully gregarious locust show antibody staining to serotonin, but many of these neurones have extensive ramifications throughout the central nervous system, including most of the major neuropiles of the brain (Klemm and Sundler, 1983;Homberg, 1991). In each of the thoracic ganglia there are two large and up to three small pairs of cell bodies associated with each neuromere (Tyrer et al, 1984). There are about 3000 neurones showing dopamine-like immunoreactivity in the peripheral optic lobes of locusts, with a further 110 pairs of dopamine-containing neurones in the central part of the brain, with notable absences of staining in the mushroom bodies, olfactory regions of the antennal lobes and most of the lobula (Wendt and Homberg, 1992).…”

Pattern of expression of engrailed in relation to gamma‐aminobutyric acid immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the adult grasshopper

“…These En-positive neurons express serotonin (Condron et al, 1994) and comprise an unusually small lineage (6 -10 neurons) that is also attributed to NB 7-3 (Taghert and Goodman, 1984). A small group of serotoninimmunoreactive interneurons have been described in the adult grasshopper (Tyrer et al, 1984), with somata in the same position as those of the tiny lateral C group consisting of two to three En-positive neurons, providing strong evidence that these indeed comprise NB 7-3 progeny. Comparable neurons that are both serotonin-and Enpositive occur in Drosophila (Lundell et al, 1996), also deriving from NB 7-3 (Bossing et al, 1996;Schmidt et al, 1997).…”

“…The DUM interneurons have their primary neurites within the posteriorly located supramedian commissure (SMC). The small lateral C group of Enpositive interneurons, which are similar in all respects to serotonin-positive interneurons (see below), have their primary neurites within the posterior ventral commissure (PVC; Tyrer et al, 1984). The other En-positive interneurons also traverse the midline in one or more of the posterior commissures.…”