Identificación molecular de hemoparásitos transmitidos por garrapatas en equinos del Noroeste de Colombia

Abstract

Objetive. To detect and identify Anaplasmataceae agents and piroplasms in equines from the slaughterhouse "La Rinconada" at Rionegro municipality in Antioquia. Materials and Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on equines selected by convenience during a period of 2015. Information about species, sex, age and origin of the animals. Whole blood was collected for DNA extraction procedure, and a PCR targeting a 360bp of Anaplasmataceae 16S ribosomal gene and 450bp of 18S ribosomal gene of Piroplasm were used for detection. PCR amplicons selected were submitted to direct sequencing for identification of hemoparasites through genetic analysis. Results. 135 equine samples from Antioquia, Cordoba y Sucre were analyzed. 78% were horses, 16% were donkeys and 6% were mules. Anaplasmataceae agents were not detected in any sample, meanwhile 13% were positive to piroplasm PCR. Sequence analysis reveals the circulation of Theileria equi (T. equi) in northwestern Colombia. Conclusion. This work presents the first molecular evidence of at least three genotypes of T. equi in equines of northwestern Colombia.Keywords: Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Theileria, Babesia, PCR, Phylogenetic (Mesh). RESUMENObjetivo. Detectar e identificar agentes de la familia Anaplasmataceae y piroplasmas en equinos colombianos que llegan a la planta de beneficio La Rinconada ubicada en el municipio de Rionegro, Antioquia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal durante parte del 2015 a equinos seleccionados por conveniencia. Se recopiló información tal como especie, sexo, edad y localidad de procedencia. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre para extracción de ADN, y se amplificó un fragmento de 360pb del gen 16S ribosomal de Anaplasmataceae y un fragmento de 450 pb del gen 18S ribosomal de piroplasmas para detección de hemoparásitos. Amplicones de PCR fueron sometidos a secuenciación para identificación de los hemoparásitos a través de análisis genético. Resultados. Se analizaron 135 equinos provenientes de los departamentos de Antioquia, Córdoba y Sucre. Un 78% eran caballos, un 16% eran asnos y un 6% eran mulas. El 100% de los animales fueron negativos para agentes de la familia Anaplasmataceae y un 13% fueron positivos para piroplasmas. Se identificó por secuenciación la circulación de Theileria equi (T. equi) en la zona norte de Colombia. Conclusión. Se presenta la primera evidencia molecular de al menos tres genotipos de T. equi infectando equinos del norte del país.

Economic and Health Impact of the Ticks in Production Animals

“…The first has its origin in the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum, while the second is caused by the hemoparasites Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. These pathogens have been detected in various parts of the world by molecular techniques [85]. The presentation of piroplasmosis generates a restriction in the international mobilization of horses, preventing their participation in sporting events [3].…”