Identification and Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in the Leaves and Bark of Salix alba (L.) and Their Biological Potential

Piątczak, Ewelina; Dybowska, Monika; Płuciennik, Elżbieta; Kośla, Katarzyna; Kolniak‐Ostek, Joanna; Kalinowska-Lis, Urszula

doi:10.3390/biom10101391

Cited by 49 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Efficient regulation of intracellular oxidative stress resulting from photosynthesis and respiration might avoid DNA damage and reduce frequencies of non-homologous DNA repair processes, which is generally a major source for mutagenesis (Friedberg and Meira, 2006). Willows are rich in antioxidants, especially in phenolics and other typical chemical compounds known for the regulation of redox homeostasis (Hörandl et al, 2012;Jia et al, 2020;Piatczak et al, 2020). Their hypothetical role in the observed low mutation rates would need to be tested.…”

Section: Low Mutation Rates and Effective Repair Mechanisms In Coding Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Diverse Shrub Willows (Salix L.) Share Highly Similar Plastomes

2021

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Plastome phylogenomics is used in a broad range of studies where single markers do not bear enough information. Phylogenetic reconstruction in the genus Salix is difficult due to the lack of informative characters and reticulate evolution. Here, we use a genome skimming approach to reconstruct 41 complete plastomes of 32 Eurasian and North American Salix species representing different lineages, different ploidy levels, and separate geographic regions. We combined our plastomes with published data from Genbank to build a comprehensive phylogeny of 61 samples (50 species) using RAxML (Randomized Axelerated Maximum Likelihood). Additionally, haplotype networks for two observed subclades were calculated, and 72 genes were tested to be under selection. The results revealed a highly conserved structure of the observed plastomes. Within the genus, we observed a variation of 1.68%, most of which separated subg. Salix from the subgeneric Chamaetia/Vetrix clade. Our data generally confirm previous plastid phylogenies, however, within Chamaetia/Vetrix phylogenetic results represented neither taxonomical classifications nor geographical regions. Non-coding DNA regions were responsible for most of the observed variation within subclades and 5.6% of the analyzed genes showed signals of diversifying selection. A comparison of nuclear restriction site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing and plastome data on a subset of 10 species showed discrepancies in topology and resolution. We assume that a combination of (i) a very low mutation rate due to efficient mechanisms preventing mutagenesis, (ii) reticulate evolution, including ancient and ongoing hybridization, and (iii) homoplasy has shaped plastome evolution in willows.

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Section: Low Mutation Rates and Effective Repair Mechanisms In Coding Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Diverse Shrub Willows (Salix L.) Share Highly Similar Plastomes

2021

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“…( Kammerer et al, 2005 ) and willow species’ phytochemicals extracted from the bark ( Julkunen-Tiitto, 1985 ; Heiska et al, 2007 ; Lavola et al, 2018 ), leaves ( Ikonen et al, 2002 ; Lavola et al, 2018 ), and whole twigs/biomass ( Julkunen-Tiitto, 1985 ; Brereton et al, 2017 ). Willow bark is one of the most bioactive compound-rich plant parts ( Lavola et al, 2018 ; Tyśkiewicz et al, 2019 ), but leaves are also a promising source of polyphenols and antioxidants ( Piatczak et al, 2020 ). However, the content of bark phytochemicals is known to vary among Salix spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salix spp. Bark Hot Water Extracts Show Antiviral, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities—The Bioactive Properties of 16 Clones

Tienaho

Reshamwala

Sarjala

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Earlier studies have shown that the bark of Salix L. species (Salicaceae family) is rich in extractives, such as diverse bioactive phenolic compounds. However, we lack knowledge on the bioactive properties of the bark of willow species and clones adapted to the harsh climate conditions of the cool temperate zone. Therefore, the present study aimed to obtain information on the functional profiles of northern willow clones for the use of value-added bioactive solutions. Of the 16 willow clones studied here, 12 were examples of widely distributed native Finnish willow species, including dark-leaved willow (S. myrsinifolia Salisb.) and tea-leaved willow (S. phylicifolia L.) (3 + 4 clones, respectively) and their natural and artificial hybrids (3 + 2 clones, respectively). The four remaining clones were commercial willow varieties from the Swedish willow breeding program. Hot water extraction of bark under mild conditions was carried out. Bioactivity assays were used to screen antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, yeasticidal, and antioxidant activities, as well as the total phenolic content of the extracts. Additionally, we introduce a fast and less labor-intensive steam-debarking method for Salix spp. feedstocks. Clonal variation was observed in the antioxidant properties of the bark extracts of the 16 Salix spp. clones. High antiviral activity against a non-enveloped enterovirus, coxsackievirus A9, was found, with no marked differences in efficacy between the native clones. All the clones also showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, whereas no antifungal (Aspergillus brasiliensis) or yeasticidal (Candida albicans) efficacy was detected. When grouping the clone extract results into Salix myrsinifolia, Salix phylicifolia, native hybrid, artificial hybrid, and commercial clones, there was a significant difference in the activities between S. phylicifolia clone extracts and commercial clone extracts in the favor of S. phylicifolia in the antibacterial and antioxidant tests. In some antioxidant tests, S. phylicifolia clone extracts were also significantly more active than artificial clone extracts. Additionally, S. myrsinifolia clone extracts showed significantly higher activities in some antioxidant tests than commercial clone extracts and artificial clone extracts. Nevertheless, the bark extracts of native Finnish willow clones showed high bioactivity. The obtained knowledge paves the way towards developing high value-added biochemicals and other functional solutions based on willow biorefinery approaches.

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“…Willows are rich in secondary compounds, such as salicylates, tannins or flavonoids (41,42), which unfavorably affects the performance of DNA extractions and downstream molecular analyses.…”

Section: Methods Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Using herbarium samples for NGS methods – a methodological comparison

Marinček

Wagner

Tomasello

2021

Preprint

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Herbaria harbor a tremendous amount of plant specimens that are rarely used for plant systematic studies. The main reason is the difficulty to extract a decent quantity of good quality DNA from the preserved plant material. While the extraction of ancient DNA in animals is well established, studies including old plant material are still underrepresented. In our study we compared the standard Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kit and a specific PTB-DTT protocol on to two different plant genera (Xanthium L. and Salix L.). The included herbarium material covered about two centuries of plant collections. A selected subset of samples was used for a standard library preparation as well as a target enrichment approach. The results revealed that PTB-PTT resulted in higher quantity and quality regarding DNA yield. Despite the lower overall yield of DNA, the Qiagen Kit resulted in better sequencing results regarding the number of filtered and mapped reads. We were able to successfully sequence a sample from 1820 and conclude that it is possible to include old herbarium specimens in NGS approaches. This opens a treasure box in phylogenomic research.

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Identification and Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in the Leaves and Bark of Salix alba (L.) and Their Biological Potential

Cited by 49 publications

References 40 publications

Highly Diverse Shrub Willows (Salix L.) Share Highly Similar Plastomes

Highly Diverse Shrub Willows (Salix L.) Share Highly Similar Plastomes

Salix spp. Bark Hot Water Extracts Show Antiviral, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities—The Bioactive Properties of 16 Clones

Using herbarium samples for NGS methods – a methodological comparison

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