Identification and analysis of proline-rich proteins and hybrid proline-rich proteins super family genes from Sorghum bicolor and their expression patterns to abiotic stress and zinc stimuli

Abstract

Systematic genome-wide analysis of Sorghum bicolor revealed the identification of a total of 48 homologous genes comprising 21 proline-rich proteins (PRPs) and 27 hybrid proline-rich proteins (HyPRPs). Comprehensive scrutiny of these gene homologs was conducted for gene structure, phylogenetic investigations, chromosome mapping, and subcellular localization of proteins. Promoter analysis uncovered the regions rich with phosphorous- (BIHD), ammonium-, sulfur-responsive (SURE), and iron starvation-responsive (IRO2) along with biotic, abiotic, and development-specific cis-elements. Further, PRPs exhibit more methylation and acetylation sites in comparison with HyPRPs. miRNAs have been predicted which might play a role in cleavage and translation inhibition. Several of the SbPRP genes were stimulated in a tissue-specific manner under drought, salt, heat, and cold stresses. Additionally, exposure of plants to abscisic acid (ABA) and zinc (Zn) also triggered PRP genes in a tissue-dependent way. Among them, SbPRP17 has been found upregulated markedly in all tissues irrespective of the stress imposed. The expressions of SbHyPRPs, especially SbHyPRP2, SbHyPRP6, and SbHyPRP17 were activated under all stresses in all three tissues. On the other hand, SbHyPRP8 (root only) and SbHyPRP12 (all three tissues) were highly responsive to cold stress and ABA while SbHyPRP26 was induced by drought and Zn in the stem. Taken together, this study indicates the critical roles that SbPRPs and SbHyPRPs play during diverse abiotic stress conditions and notably the plausible roles that these genes play upon exposure to zinc, the crucial micronutrient in plants.

Effect of Shading on Physiological Attributes and Proteomic Analysis of Tea during Low Temperatures

“…These findings suggest that proline-rich proteins are emitted into the extracellular medium via the signal peptide. Our findings indicate that proline rich-proteins and their homologous gene (HYC85_019506) might be involved in plant immunity and performance, and our results are consistent with the findings of [ 37 , 38 ]. Moving forward, early light-induced protein 1 was only decreased under (dCK_vs_dSD60).…”

“…This protein carries out extracellular repairing and programming in tea leaves. Based on a recent phylogenetic analysis, the authors reported that genes-encoding peptides of proline rich-proteins had been scattered in the chloroplast, extracellular medium, mitochondria, nucleus, and cytoplasm; nevertheless, the chloroplast and extracellular medium are the main points for their localization [ 37 ]. These findings suggest that proline-rich proteins are emitted into the extracellular medium via the signal peptide.…”

Дослідження Характеру Акумуляції Розподілу Вільного Проліну В Органах Рослин За Умов Норми Та Стресу

“…Виняткову роль у підтриманні активності людства відіграють злаки, серед яких значне місце посідає пшениця. Більш того, дослідники вважають, що значення пшениці майбутньому буде зростати і саме ця культура стане провідною [1,2,3,18,34]. Розповсюдження пшениці обумовлено високою поживністю зерна, із якого отримують багато харчових продуктів, а також її високою біологічною пластичністю стосовно екологічних умов.…”

“…Тому завдання отримання стійких до абіотичних факторів форм рослин стає першочерговим. Для України в першу чергу воно пов'язано із пшеницею озимою [1,3,7,11,18].…”

“…Поперше, її кількість не повинна негативно впливати на перебіг біохімічних реакцій і порушувати ключові ланцюги метаболізму. По-друге, сполука може бути переміщена в окремі компартменти як в межах клітини, так і між органами [2,18,21,26,30].…”