Identification and Assessment of Human Error for Car Driver using CREAM Technique

Abstract

Background and Objective: Road accidents are among the major problems of transportation in Iran. There are four factors involved in road accidents, including the human, road, vehicle, and environment. Among these, human (driver) error has an important role in 70-90% of the accidents. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify and examine driver's errors using the Cognitive Reliability Error Analysis Method (CREAM). Materials and Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to examine a specific scenario involving driving tasks. First, driving tasks for the scenario were analyzed using the Hierarchical Task Analysis. Then, using the primary and broad CREAM techniques, possible driver controls and cognitive errors were determined for the tasks. Results: Based on the obtained results of the scenario using the primary CREAM technique, nine diver tasks were determined, including wearing a seat-belt, controlling the indicators, acceleration changing, direction changing, adjusting the distance, stopping the car, turning off the car, unbuckling the seat belt, and the light type of tactical control. Then, using the broad CREAM technique, the error levels of execution, observation, and interpretation were reported as 71.87%, 18.75%, and 9.38%, respectively. Conclusion: In the present study, four items were identified regarding the performance-reducing conditions using the primary CREAM technique. In this regard, the factor of working conditions with one case and performing two or more tasks simultaneously with three cases were introduced as the most effective performance-reducing factors that can decrease the risk of driver's errors through their reduction. Moreover, 32 driver's errors were identified according to the broad CREAM technique. Based on the results, the most common cognitive errors included execution and observation errors. With regard to the proposed controls, the risk of human errors can be reduced for the analyzed subtasks.

A new model to optimize the human reliability based on CREAM and group decision making

“…24 Najafi and Arghami employed the basic CREAM to identify nine diver tasks and subsequently reported error levels by utilizing the extended CREAM. 25 Zhang et al introduced a dynamic approach for assessing human reliability in manned submersibles, employing PMV-CREAM. The cognitive failure probabilities were calculated using the extended CREAM approach.…”

“…The HRA model presented by the authors enhanced the ability to generate more reliable results 24 . Najafi and Arghami employed the basic CREAM to identify nine diver tasks and subsequently reported error levels by utilizing the extended CREAM 25 . Zhang et al.…”