2007
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05665.x
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Identification and biochemical characterization of a novel carotenoid oxygenase: elucidation of the cleavage step in the Fusarium carotenoid pathway

Abstract: SummaryThe synthesis of the acidic apo-carotenoid neurosporaxanthin by the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi depends on four enzyme activities: phytoene synthase and carotene cyclase, encoded by the bifunctional gene carRA, a carotene desaturase, encoded by carB, and a postulated cleaving enzyme converting torulene (C40) into neurosporaxanthin (C35). Based on sequence homology to carotenoid oxygenases, we identified the novel fungal enzyme CarT. Sequencing of the carT allele in a torulene-accumulating mutant of F. fuj… Show more

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Cited by 57 publications
(77 citation statements)
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“…Light is the major regulator of carotenoid biosynthesis (4,9). The stimulation of the pathway by light is responsible for the orange pigmentation acquired on the surface of cultures of this fungus and is paralleled by a rapid increase in the mRNA levels of the structural car genes (33,34,42). In contrast, the key regulatory signal for gibberellin production is the exhaustion of the nitrogen source, a condition attained in media with a low N/C ratio (13,38).…”
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“…Light is the major regulator of carotenoid biosynthesis (4,9). The stimulation of the pathway by light is responsible for the orange pigmentation acquired on the surface of cultures of this fungus and is paralleled by a rapid increase in the mRNA levels of the structural car genes (33,34,42). In contrast, the key regulatory signal for gibberellin production is the exhaustion of the nitrogen source, a condition attained in media with a low N/C ratio (13,38).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Carotenoid-overproducing mutants, hereafter called carS, have a high carotenoid biosynthetic activity irrespective of illumination (4). These mutants contain high levels of mRNA for the car genes in the absence of light (33,34,42) and at least in one case also have higher levels of enzymatic activity (8). The gene or genes responsible for this phenotype have not been identified, but their phenotypic similarities (4) and their easy isolation in mutagenesis screenings (2) suggest that a functional key repressor of the carotenoid pathway has been altered.…”
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“…The ascomycetes Neurospora crassa (referred to hereinafter as Neurospora) and Fusarium fujikuroi produce neurosporaxanthin, a C 35 apocarotenoic acid. The genes needed for the synthesis of this xanthophyll have been identified in both fungi (reviewed in reference 22,23), including those encoding the CCO enzyme CAO-2 in Neurospora (24) and its ortholog CarT in F. fujikuroi (25), which catalyze the formation of a C 35 apocarotenal that is further oxidized to neurosporaxanthin by the aldehyde dehydrogenase YLO-1 (26) or CarD (27). cao-2 and other genes involved in the neurosporaxanthin biosynthesis are regulated by light, as can be expected from the assumed photoprotective function of this pigment.…”
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confidence: 99%