Identification and bioinformatic analysis of invA gene of Salmonella in free range chicken

Abstract

Salmonella is a serious cause of the health issues in human and animal worldwide. Salmonella has been isolated from different biological samples and it considers as the key role in induction of inflammation of gastrointestinal tract which in turn cause diarrhoea in different species. To further understand the involvement of Salmonella in contaminating and infecting fresh eggs and meat of free-range chicken. This study aimed to establish the microbiological and molecular detections of Salmonella in the cloaca of the free-range chicken and to identify predicted biological functions using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomic (KEGG) pathways and protein-protein interaction. Cloacal swabs were collected from free range chicken raised in the local farm in Duhok city. The isolates were cultured and biochemical test performed using XLD and TSI, respectively. Molecular detection and functional annotation of invA gene was carried out using Conventional PCR and bioinformatics approaches. The present study found that Salmonella was detected in 36 out of 86 samples using microbiological methods. To confirm these findings, invA gene was utilised and 9 out of 36 Salmonella isolates have shown a positive signal of invA by agarose gel. In addition, bioinformatic analysis revealed that invA gene was mainly associated with bacterial secretion processes as well as their KEGG terms and Protein-Protein Interaction were involved in bacterial invasion and secretion pathways. These findings suggested that invA gene plays important role in regulating colonization and invasion processes of Salmonella within the gut host in the free range chicken.

Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolated from Egyptian dairy cattle herds: The prevalence and molecular characteristics

“…Despite the study’s lower prevalence (0.74%) of S. enterica recovered from dairy cattle farms, the virulence parameters associated with the detected Salomonella serovars indicated their considerable threat to cattle populations in Egypt. The invA gene, which is thought to be a biomarker for Salmonella identification, regulates the invasion of intestinal epithelial cells, which determines the intracellular pathogenicity of Salmonella ( Mohammed, 2022 ). Undoubtedly, the invA gene was present in all Salmonella serovars that this investigation detected, including S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, and S. inganda .…”

Isolation, Identification, Antimicrobial Resistance, Genotyping, and Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated from a Food-Poisoning Incident

“…The invA gene was predicted to exist in strain 21A, which was found to be highly conserved in Salmonella and could be used as a specific biomarker for Salmonella identification. As a component of the TTSS, invA is located in SPI-1 and induces Salmonella to invade intestinal mucosal epithelial cells ( Mohammed 2022 ). The SPIs were both found to be required for virulence, encoding the majority of the virulence factors, and shown to be closely associated with the TTSS, allowing Salmonella to colonize the host by attaching to and invading the cells and bypassing their defense mechanisms.…”

Detection of Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands and Antimicrobial-Resistant Genes in Salmonella enterica Serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium Isolated from Broiler Chickens

“…[8,[24][25][26][27]. Since it has been established that the invA gene is only found in Salmonella species, molecular diagnostic techniques can be used to successfully confirm the existence of this genus [28,29]. In order to ascertain the prevalence of Salmonella species in broiler chickens, the invA gene was employed in this study.…”