Identification and characterization of 14 transposon-like elements in the noncoding regions of members of the Xa21 family of disease resistance genes in rice

The rice Rim2 transcript accumulates in response to Magnaporthe grisea and its predicted protein product shares similarity with TNP2-like proteins encoded by CACTA transposons

“…5). These results further support the observation that TEs are clustered at the Xa21 gene locus and contribute to its polymorphic nature (Song et al 1998).…”

“…In addition, the ORF of Rim2 from nucleotides 859 to 1479 shares 43% identity with the ORF encoded by the Xa21-linked marker pTA818 (Table 1). The product of the pTA818 ORF has previously been shown to be 57.4% identical to TNP2, encoded by Tam1, and 38.3% identical to TNPD encoded by En/Spm (Song et al 1998). These results support and extend the observation that the Xa21 gene family is a transposon-rich locus (Song et al 1998).…”

“…This transcript may originate from another Rim2 copy or ORF. Transposons in regions¯anking plant genes can affect gene structure and expression (White et al 1994), and have been proposed to be important in creating allelic diversity in disease resistance genes (Michelmore 1995;Song et al 1998). For example, 17 elements have been found within or closely linked to the Xa21 locus (Song et al 1997(Song et al , 1998.…”

“…Transposons in regions¯anking plant genes can affect gene structure and expression (White et al 1994), and have been proposed to be important in creating allelic diversity in disease resistance genes (Michelmore 1995;Song et al 1998). For example, 17 elements have been found within or closely linked to the Xa21 locus (Song et al 1997(Song et al , 1998. Furthermore, the Xa21-linked marker pTA818 encodes part of a TNP2-like protein; this sequence may have transposed from a di erent chromosome to the Xa21 locus on chromosome 11 in the wild species O. longistaminata, resulting in the sequence duplication in IRBB21, the Xa21 gene donor (Jiang et al 1995).…”

Toward closing rice telomere gaps: mapping and sequence characterization of rice subtelomere regions

“…The TATRs are interrupted by subsequent insertions of retrotransposons or transposable elements. Transposons are able to mediate large-scale genome reorganization by virtue of their ability to induce chromosomal rearrangements such as deletions, duplications, inversions, reciprocal translocations (reviewed in Zhang and Peterson 1999;Lonnig and Saedler 2002), and small-scale gene evolution (Song et al 1998;Witte et al 2001;Bringaud et al 2002). The TATR7 sequences appear to be located at both ends of chromosome 7 and seem to be dispersed in the large region because it is interrupted by other transposons.…”