Identification and Characterization of a Cell Surface Proteoglycan on Keratinocytes

Haggerty, John G.; Bretton, R; Milstone, Leonard M.

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12616087

Cited by 55 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To this end, application of various doses of sTat in combination with CT onto bare skin elicited robust anti-sTat antibody responses. These findings are consistent, i) with the property of Tat to enter into cells [7] and particularly with its capacity to bind to polyanionic glycosaminoglycan heparin sulfate that is present in the epidermis [22,23] and, ii) with the demonstration that ADP-ribosylating exotoxins like CT exert an adjuvant effect to transcutaneously co-delivered antigens [11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…It is composed of 86-101 amino acid residues (depending on the isolate) encoded by two exons. The first 72 amino acid residues (encoded by the first exon) are organized into three functional domains: (i) an acidic N-terminal region (aa [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] that binds to cell surface CD26 and is thought to mediate immunosuppressive activity [3]; (ii) a cysteine-rich domain (aa [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] that mediates binding to chemokine receptors [4]; and (iii) the basic domain (aa 41-60). The latter domain is responsible for the internalization of extracellular Tat and its import into the nucleus and is also required for binding to short RNA transcripts containing the viral transactivation-responsive element (TAR) [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A synthetic HIV‐1 Tat protein breaches the skin barrier and elicits Tat‐neutralizing antibodies and cellular immunity

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The HIV‐1 Tat protein plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of HIV and has been considered as a candidate vaccine antigen. In an effort to design a non‐invasive vaccination strategy against HIV‐1 that stimulates the induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses, we studied the transcutaneous delivery of a synthetic Tat protein using cholera toxin as an adjuvant. Following immunization of BALB/c mice with various doses of Tat, IgG and IgA antibody responses were measured in the serum and vaginal washes, respectively. Serum antibodies predominantly recognized the N‐terminal and basic functional domains of the protein and exhibited neutralizing capacity against Tat‐driven transactivation. Transcutaneous immunization also elicited potent cellular immune responses against Tat and the secretion of high levels of IL‐2, IFN‐γ and IL‐6. These findings demonstrate for the first time that by using a simple and safe immunization procedure, a synthetic Tat protein can elicit potentially protective immune responses. Transcutaneous immunization may be advantageous for the non‐invasive delivery of other HIV candidate vaccine antigens.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A synthetic HIV‐1 Tat protein breaches the skin barrier and elicits Tat‐neutralizing antibodies and cellular immunity

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous studies on CD44 and epidermal differentiation defined CD44v3-10, also called epican, as the most abundant and largest CD44 isoform in human epidermis [45][46][47]. However, our study demonstrate an abundant CD44v2-10 transcript, which is larger than CD44v3-10.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Isolation of all CD44 transcripts in human epidermis and regulation of their expression by various agents

Teye

Numata

Krol

et al. 2016

Journal of Dermatological Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In addition to the standard or hematopoietic form, CD44 occurs in a variety of variant isoforms that arise from alternative splicing of at least 10 genomic exons in addition to those encoding standard CD44; CD44v8-10, CD44v10, and CD44v3-10 are major variants on human skin keratinocytes, where CD44 molecules are localized primarily on filopodia of cultured cells and at intercellular junctions in tissue sections (31,32). CD44 is expressed throughout the epidermis from the germinative basal layer to the granular layer just below the stratum corneum (33,34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronic acid capsule modulates M protein-mediated adherence and acts as a ligand for attachment of group A Streptococcus to CD44 on human keratinocytes.

Schrager¹,

Albertí²,

Cywes³

et al. 1998

J. Clin. Invest.

155

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We used wild-type and isogenic mutant strains of group A Streptococcus (GAS) that expressed M protein, capsule, or both to study the function of M protein and the hyaluronic acid capsular polysaccharide in attachment of GAS to human keratinocytes. Types 6 and 24, but not type 18, M protein were found to mediate attachment of GAS to soft palate or skin keratinocytes, but this interaction was prevented by the hyaluronic acid capsule on highly encapsulated, or mucoid, strains. Monoclonal antibody to CD44, the principal hyaluronic acid-binding receptor on keratinocytes, inhibited attachment of both highly encapsulated and poorly encapsulated wild type strains of GAS, but not the attachment of acapsular mutants. Transfection of K562 cells with cDNA encoding human CD44 conferred the capacity to bind each of six wild-type strains of GAS, but not to bind acapsular mutants. Because, in contrast to other potential adhesins, the group A streptococcal capsule is both highly conserved and surface-exposed, it may serve as a universal adhesin for attachment of diverse strains of GAS to keratinocytes of the pharyngeal mucosa and the skin. ( J.

show abstract

Identification and Characterization of a Cell Surface Proteoglycan on Keratinocytes

Cited by 55 publications

References 33 publications

A synthetic HIV‐1 Tat protein breaches the skin barrier and elicits Tat‐neutralizing antibodies and cellular immunity

A synthetic HIV‐1 Tat protein breaches the skin barrier and elicits Tat‐neutralizing antibodies and cellular immunity

Isolation of all CD44 transcripts in human epidermis and regulation of their expression by various agents

Hyaluronic acid capsule modulates M protein-mediated adherence and acts as a ligand for attachment of group A Streptococcus to CD44 on human keratinocytes.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About