Identification and characterization of a novel intermetallic compound in a Fe-22 wt % Cr-5 wt % Ni-3 wt % Mo-0.03 wt % C duplex stainless steel

Competitive precipitation of amorphous and crystalline silicon nitride in ferrite: Interaction between structure, morphology, and stress relaxation

“…Thus, it is proposed here to apply the group theory as detailed by Cahn and Kalonji to deduce the symmetry of the precipitate crystal structure from the number of variants it develops and the morphology it adopts in the matrix. This approach, explained in detail below, has already been successfully employed by Redjaïmia et al [33,34] to characterize different unknown phases precipitating in a crystalline matrix. Three pieces of information are needed for this application:…”

Atmospheric-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Grade 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel—Effects of 475 °C Embrittlement and Process Orientation

“…The U-bend samples were tightened using stainless steel bolts and nuts. R-phase can grow to sizes larger than 500 nm [6,[10][11][12][13][14]. It should be noted that similar phase reactions have also been reported in austenite, which, however, requires further investigations to make clear statements about their origin [8,9,16,17].…”

“…Spinodal decomposition in ferrite (δ) to form Fe-enriched (Cr-depleted) α 1 and Cr-enriched (Fe-depleted) α 11 structures, or the nucleation and growth of α 11 -particles embedded in an α 1 -matrix can occur, typically followed by the formation of further precipitates, such as χ, Frank-Kasper R-phase, τ, or Mo-Si enriched G-phase [5,7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The phase separation products (α 1 + α 11 ), in general, do not exceed dimensions larger than 100 nm, whereas precipitates such as G-or R-phase can grow to sizes larger than 500 nm [6,[10][11][12][13][14]. It should be noted that similar phase reactions have also been reported in austenite, which, however, requires further investigations to make clear statements about their origin [8,9,16,17].…”

748 K (475 °C) Embrittlement of Duplex Stainless Steel: Effect on Microstructure and Fracture Behavior

“…[9,[12][13][14][15][16] Ferrite is not stable within the miscibility gap and, therefore, decomposes into two phases. However, additional phases can also form in the ferrite and coexist with the spinodal decomposition products, such as G and R phase, as well as other secondary phases, [7,[9][10][11][12][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] which also can have significant impact on mechanical properties.…”