Identification and Characterization of a Porcine Torovirus

Kroneman, Annelies; Cornelissen, Laura; Horzinek, Marian C.; Groot, Raoul J. de; Egberink, Herman

doi:10.1128/jvi.72.5.3507-3511.1998

Cited by 83 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These results are in agreement with previous studies performed with a reduced number of animals from different Spanish farms (Pignatelli et al, 2009(Pignatelli et al, , 2010. In addition, the present data about the occurrence of PToV shedding in faeces are similar to those observed in another longitudinal study performed in a small number of piglets from two farms in Central Europe (Kroneman et al, 1998). Similar virus infection dynamics in young animals have also been described for BToV (Duckmanton et al, 1998) and other enteric viruses such as rotavirus in Danish (Svensmark et al, 1989) and Italian (Martella et al, 2007) farms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…PToV is broadly dispersed around Europe (Kroneman et al, 1998;Matiz et al, 2002;Smits et al, 2003) and has also been detected in Canada (Durham et al, 1989) and South Africa (Penrith and Gerdes, 1992). However, to date, there is little information available about PToV epidemiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the infectious cycle of BToV under natural field conditions was established by compiling information from different studies (Hoet and Saif, 2004). In contrast, little is known about the porcine torovirus (PToV) epidemiology, despite it has been detected in Canada (Durham et al, 1989), South Africa (Penrith and Gerdes, 1992), and in different European countries as United Kingdom (Scott et al, 1987), The Netherlands and Belgium (Kroneman et al, 1998), Italy (Lavazza et al, 1996;Smits et al, 2003), Hungary (Matiz et al, 2002) and, recently also in Spain (Pignatelli et al, 2009(Pignatelli et al, , 2010. The results of these studies indicated a high prevalence of PToV in porcine herds as well as an extensive geographical distribution of the virus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal serological and virological study on porcine torovirus (PToV) in piglets from Spanish farms

Pignatelli

Grau‐Roma

Jiménez

et al. 2010

Veterinary Microbiology

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A study was performed to evaluate porcine torovirus (PToV) seroprevalence and infection in three multi-site farms from the North-eastern region of Spain. Serum samples from 120 piglets and faecal samples from 36 piglets were longitudinally collected at 1, 3, 7, 11 and 15 weeks of age. Serum samples from their dams (n=30) were also taken 1-week post-farrowing. PToV antibodies in serum were monitored by ELISA, while viral infection was assessed by real-time RT-PCR in faeces. A high seroprevalence (about 100%) was observed in animals older than 11 weeks and in adult sows. Moreover, all 1-week-old animals were seropositive, indicating maternal antibody transference through colostrum. The antibody titers declined to close to or below the ELISA cut-off value by the age of weaning (3 weeks of age). Development of a significant antibody response to PToV occurred before 7 weeks of age in about 50% of piglets, and the remaining animals developed the response by weeks 11 or 15. These results indicate that PToV infection occurred soon after weaning. Although the prevalence of infection in suckling piglets varied among the studied farms, PToV prevalences in 7 and 11-week-old pigs were between 50-67% and 58-75%, respectively, in all farms. Sequencing results indicated that more than one PToV strains were circulating in the studied farms. Present data suggest that PToV was endemic on the studied farms, and provide new insights on the epidemiology of PToV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal serological and virological study on porcine torovirus (PToV) in piglets from Spanish farms

Pignatelli

Grau‐Roma

Jiménez

et al. 2010

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…Toroviruses within the family Coronaviridae are spherical, oval, elongated, or kidney-shaped enveloped viruses that possess a positive-sense single-stranded, polyadenylated RNA genome of approximately 25-30 kb in length (Cornelissen et al, 1997;Horzinek, 1999;Snijder and Horzinek, 1993). Toroviruses have been detected in normal horses as well as in humans, cattle, pigs, and recently in turkeys with diarrhea (Ali and Reynolds, 2000;Beards et al, 1986;Duckmanton et al, 1997Duckmanton et al, , 1998aKroneman et al, 1998;Woode, 1994). The first report of toroviruses described the identification of an unclassified virus www.elsevier.com/locate/vetmic Veterinary Microbiology 126 (2008) [364][365][366][367][368][369][370][371] from diarrheic calves (Woode et al, 1982), which is now known as the Breda virus, or bovine torovirus (BToV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of bovine toroviruses circulating in South Korea

Park

et al. 2008

Veterinary Microbiology

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The prevalence of the bovine torovirus (BToV) and its genetic characterization have been reported in North America, Europe and Japan. Therefore, this study examined the prevalence and genetic diversity of the BToV in a total of 645 diarrheic fecal samples from 629 Korean native beef calf herds using RT-PCR and nested PCR with the primer pairs specific to a part of the BToV membrane (M) gene. Overall, 19 (2.9%) out of 645 diarrheic samples from 19 herds (6.9%) tested positive for BToVs by either RT-PCR or nested PCR. A comparison of the nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) sequences of a part of the BToV M gene (409bp) among the BToVs showed the Korean BToVs to have comparatively higher sequence homology to the Japanese and Dutch BToVs than to the American and Italian BToVs. Generally, the Korean BToV strains clustered with the Japanese and Dutch BToV strains. However, the American and Italian BToV strains clustered on a separate major branch, suggesting that these are more distantly related to other known BToV strains. These results suggest that the BToV infections are sporadic in diarrheic calves in South Korea, and the Korean BToV strains are more closely related to the Japanese and Dutch BToVs than to the American and Italian BToVs.

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“…A decade later, a virus that was related morphologically and antigenically to the Berne virus, which was designated the Breda virus (BToV) and Breda virus-like particles, was described in the stools of neonatal calves and children (Beards et al, 1984;Woode et al, 1982). A porcine torovirus (PToV) has been identified and characterized in the feces of swine (Kroneman et al, 1998). Toroviruses have been established as infectious gastrointestinal agents in cat-tle and as a predominant cause of acute enteric infections in piglets (Ito et al, 2007;Kroneman et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of universal SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR for the rapid detection and quantitation of bovine and porcine toroviruses

Hosmillo

Jeong

Kim

et al. 2010

Journal of Virological Methods

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Toroviruses (ToVs) are a group of emerging viruses that cause gastroenteritis in domestic animals and humans. Currently, methods such as real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) have not yet been developed for the rapid detection and quantitation of bovine (BToV) and porcine (PToV) toroviruses. Using BToV and PToV RNA standards generated by in vitro transcription, the detection limit of the SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR assay was 2.54 x 10(2) BToV and 2.17 x 10(3) PToV copies/reaction (correlation coefficiency=0.99 and 0.97, respectively), whereas those of RT-PCR and nested PCR were 2.54 x 10(5) and 2.54 x 10(4) (BToV) and 2.17 x 10(7) and 2.17 x 10(5) (PToV) cRNA viral copies/reaction, respectively. Archived diarrhea specimens of calves (n=121) and piglets (n=86) were subjected to RT-PCR, nested PCR and SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR. By conventional RT-PCR, 1 (0.8%) bovine and 7 (8.1%) porcine samples tested positive to BToV and PToV, respectively. With nested PCR, 13 (10.7%) bovine and 17 (19.8%) porcine samples tested positive. SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR assay detected BToV and PToV in 22 of 121 (18.2%) bovine and 31 of 86 (36.0%) porcine samples. These results indicate that SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR (P<0.05) is a more sensitive assay, which can be reproduced as a reliable, sensitive, and rapid tool for the detection and quantitation of toroviruses.

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Identification and Characterization of a Porcine Torovirus

Cited by 83 publications

References 28 publications

Longitudinal serological and virological study on porcine torovirus (PToV) in piglets from Spanish farms

Longitudinal serological and virological study on porcine torovirus (PToV) in piglets from Spanish farms

Molecular epidemiology of bovine toroviruses circulating in South Korea

Development of universal SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR for the rapid detection and quantitation of bovine and porcine toroviruses

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