Promiscuous hydrolases/acyltransferases
have attracted attention
for their ability to efficiently catalyze selective transacylation
reactions in water to produce esters, thioesters, amides, carbonates,
and carbamates. Promiscuous hydrolases/acyltransferases can be implemented
into aqueous enzyme cascades and are ideal biocatalysts for the acylation
of hydrophilic substrates that are barely soluble in dry organic solvents.
This activity was thought to be rare, and recent research has focused
on just a small number of accidentally identified promiscuous hydrolases/acyltransferases.
High-throughput screening for acyltransferases and an in silico sequence-based method for prediction of acyltransferase activity
provided access to many efficient promiscuous hydrolases/acyltransferases,
thereby demonstrating that promiscuous acyltransferase activity is
rather common in hydrolases. These synthetically valuable enzymes
could further be enhanced by protein engineering. This Perspective
aims to demonstrate the synthetic potential of these enzymes and raise
awareness of the frequency of this activity.