Identification and characterization of an ancient class of small RNAs enriched in serum associating with active infection

Zhang, Yunfang; Zhang, Ying; Shi, Junchao; He, Zhonghu; Cao, Zhen-Dong; Gao, Xuan; Ren, Weina; Ning, Yunna; Ning, Lina; Cao, Yuqi; Chen, Yongchang; Ji, Weizhi; Chen, Zi‐Jiang; Chen, Qi; Duan, Enkui

doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjt052

Cited by 98 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Following our report on the function of tRF5-GluCTC in regulating RSV replication [10,[22][23][24], many recent studies suggest the role of tRFs in infectious diseases; however, other important tRFs in infectious diseases have not been identified. Here, we identified two novel tRF(s), other than tRF5-GluCTC, that play a critical role in regulating RSV replication and the associated host responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Identification of two novel functional tRNA-derived fragments induced in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection

Zhou

Liu

Chen

et al. 2017

Journal of General Virology

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children from infancy up to early childhood. Recently, we demonstrated that RSV infection alters cellular small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) expression, most notably the tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs). However, the functions of the tRFs in virus-host interaction are largely unknown. Herein, we examined the role of three RSV-induced tRFs derived from the 5-end of mature tRNAs decoding GlyCCC, LysCTT and CysGCA (named tRF5-GlyCCC, tRF5-LysCTT and tRF5-CysGCA, respectively) in controlling RSV replication. We found that tRF5-GlyCCC and tRF5-LysCTT, but not tRF5-CysGCA, promote RSV replication, demonstrating the functional specificity of tRFs. The associated molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of tRF5-GlyCCC and tRF5-LysCTT were also investigated. Regulating the expression and/or activity of these tRFs may provide new insights into preventive and therapeutic strategies for RSV infection. The study also accumulated data for future development of a tRF targeting algorithm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Identification of two novel functional tRNA-derived fragments induced in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection

Zhou

Liu

Chen

et al. 2017

Journal of General Virology

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“…This scenario suggests a transfer of tsRNAs between the epididymis and sperm, and is highly intriguing, as a similar transfer might occur in the seminal fluid, where EVs are enriched with mi RNAs and tsRNAs 57 . Moreover, an enrichment of mi RNAs and tsRNAs is also found in serum 58,59 and neuronal synaptic vesicles 60 , both of which exhibit sensitive physiological changes to bodily conditions, such as inflammation, ageing and calorie restriction 58,59,61 . These findings implicate potential connections through EVs at the organismal level and suggest the possibility that EVs can be transported from the soma to the germ line, along with their RNA cargoes.…”

Section: Acquisitive Sperm — Information Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small RNAs are carried as cargo in EVs, but can also be found in bodily fluids outside EVs 58,79 . Maintenance of their stability outside EVs requires binding proteins, specific secondary structures or RNA modifications 58,79 , which might also allow their transport into and out of cells.…”

Section: Acquisitive Sperm — Information Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic inheritance of acquired traits through sperm RNAs and sperm RNA modifications

2016

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Once deemed heretical, emerging evidence now supports the notion that the inheritance of acquired characteristics can occur through ancestral exposures or experiences and that certain paternally acquired traits can be ‘memorized’ in the sperm as epigenetic information. The search for epigenetic factors in mammalian sperm that transmit acquired phenotypes has recently focused on RNAs and, more recently, RNA modifications. Here, we review insights that have been gained from studying sperm RNAs and RNA modifications, and their roles in influencing offspring phenotypes. We discuss the possible mechanisms by which sperm become acquisitive following environmental–somatic–germline interactions, and how they transmit paternally acquired phenotypes by shaping early embryonic development.

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“…These separate lines of evidence involving tRNAs/tsRNAs implicate m 5 C in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Whereas synthetic tsRNAs lacking RNA modifications degrade rapidly when incubated in zygote lysate or serum, endogenous tsRNAs are more stable, suggesting possible roles for modifications in promoting the stability [40,41] and transgenerational effects of tsRNAs after fertilization [40]. These modifications may also contribute to the secondary structures of tsRNAs that lead to altered binding specificities to their targets (DNA, RNAs, or proteins) [40].…”

Section: M5c: a Stress Sensor And Transgenerational Mark In Trna And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Small RNA Modifications: Integral to Function and Disease

Zhang

Cozen

Liu

et al. 2016

Trends in Molecular Medicine

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102

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Small RNAs have the potential to store a secondary layer of labile biological information in the form of modified nucleotides. Emerging evidence has shown that small RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piR-NAs) and tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) harbor a diversity of RNA modifications. These findings highlight the importance of RNA modifications in the modulation of basic properties such as RNA stability and other complex physiological processes involved in stress responses, metabolism, immunity, and epigenetic inheritance of environmentally acquired traits, among others. High-resolution, high-throughput methods for detecting, mapping and screening these small RNA modifications now provide opportunities to uncover their diagnostic potential as sensitive disease markers.

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Identification and characterization of an ancient class of small RNAs enriched in serum associating with active infection

Cited by 98 publications

References 10 publications

Identification of two novel functional tRNA-derived fragments induced in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection

Identification of two novel functional tRNA-derived fragments induced in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection

Epigenetic inheritance of acquired traits through sperm RNAs and sperm RNA modifications

Small RNA Modifications: Integral to Function and Disease

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