Identification and characterization of Anopheles Breeding habitats in Dabakala, Central-East Cote d'Ivoire

Abstract

Malaria prevention in Côte d'Ivoire is mainly based on the use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets. Faced with the resistance of vectors to insecticides, the use of anti-larval measures proves to be of interest. This study conducted in the Dabakala health district aims to identify Anopheles breeding sites and their physicochemical characteristics influencing the productivity of larvae. Surveys were carried out in the urban and rural areas during the rainy season (July 2020) and the dry season (February 2021). Out of 102 potential breeding sites listed, a total of 53 were positive, including 38 sites of Anopheles and 15 of other Culicinae. In both urban and rural areas, most Anopheles breeding sites were observed during the rainy season, while the density of Anopheles larvae was higher in the dry season. These highest densities were observed, in rural areas in rice fields essentially, and in the urban regions in temporary water impoundments, water wells, and rice fields. The temperature, pH, and depth of water were positively correlated with the density of Anopheles larvae. This study allowing the identification of favorable periods and sites of Anopheles breeding in the Dabakala district can help to design a strategy for the control of Anopheles larvae.