Identification and Characterization of AUXIN Response Factor Gene Family Reveals Their Regulatory Network to Respond the Multi-Hormones Crosstalk during GA-Induced Grape Parthenocarpic Berry

Abstract

Exogenous gibberellin (GA) was widely used to improve berry quality through inducing parthenocarpic seedless berries in grapes. We revealed that auxin response factors (ARFs), the key transcription factors in response to auxin, might respond to GA involving modulation of grape parthenocarpy. However, the underlying molecular mechanism in this process remains yet unclear. Here, a total of 19 VvARF members were identified in the ovaries during GA-induced grapes’ parthenocarpy. Interestingly, almost all members were GA-responsive factors, of which 9 could be classified in plant hormone signal transduction (KO04075) and involved in the tryptophan metabolic pathway (K14486). Moreover, VvARFs were predicted to have 310 interacted proteins involved in 19 KEGG pathways. Of them, 32 interacted proteins participated in the KO04075 pathway, including auxin (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin (CTK), and ethylene signaling pathways by responding to GA-mediated multi-hormone crosstalk. Further analysis demonstrated that VvARF4-2 might be the major factor in the modulation of GA-induced parthenocarpy via the crosstalk of IAA, CTK, SA, and ethylene signaling, followed by VvARF6-1 and VvARF9 involved in SA and ABA signaling pathways, respectively. Finally, we developed a VvARFs-mediated regulatory network by responding to GA-mediated multi-hormone crosstalk during grape parthenocarpy. Collectively, our findings provided novel insights into the regulatory network of VvARFs in GA-guided multi-hormone signaling to modulate grape parthenocarpy, which has great implications for the molecular breeding of high quality seedless grape berries.

Integrative genomics reveals the polygenic basis of seedlessness in grapevine

“…7 ). In the VV population, a specific region Chr01: 17.85-20.42 Mb harbored 13 QTLs and 67 genes, including seven primary genes involved in seed development, such as NON-SPECIFIC LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN GPI-ANCHORED 1 ( LTGP1 ), ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE 3 ( AHK3 ), B3 DOMAIN-CONTAINING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FUS3 ( FUS3 ), XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLUCOSYLASE PROTEIN ( XTH ), 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE B ( SOP3 ), as well as previously reported VvMADS4 62 and VvARF2-1 63 ( Fig. 3a ).…”

Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Gibberellic Acid Regulates the Growth and Flavonoid Synthesis in Phellodendron chinense Schneid Seedlings

“…Meanwhile, exogenous GA 3 elevates the relative expression levels of major genes in GA signal pathway while decreasing the levels of NcGA20ox and NcGA3ox genes in biosynthesis after 3 days, ultimately promoting the growth of Neolamarckia cadamba [7]. In addition, exogenous GA 3 impacts the biosynthesis and accumulation of other phytohormones, such as ABA, auxin, and cytokinin (CTKs), to balance the plant growth [12,18].…”