Identification and Characterization of Cytopathogenic Mycoplasma hyorhinis from Swine Farms with a History of Abortions

Shin, Jin Ho; Joo, Heesoo; Lee, Won Hyung; Seok, H. B.; Calsamig, Maria; Pijoan, Carlos; Molitor, Thomas W.

doi:10.1292/jvms.65.501

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Transmission of Mycoplasma suis by semen is rare, since it only occurs in the case of blood contamination [9]. Shin et al [10] demonstrated a pathogenic strain of M. hyorhinis thought to cause abortions in sows. However, the clinical relevance of Mycoplasma sp.…”

Section: Mycoplasma Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases in swine transmitted by artificial insemination: An overview

et al. 2008

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Artificial insemination (AI) of swine is widely practiced in countries with an intensive pig production. It is a very useful tool to introduce superior genes into sow herds, with minimal risk for disease transmission. However, the impact of semen that is contaminated with pathogens can be enormous. Most of the micro-organisms that have been detected in boar semen are considered non-pathogenic, but some are known pathogens (e.g. porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus) that can cause major economic losses. Microbial contamination of semen can be due to systemic and/or urogenital tract infections of the boar, or can occur during collection, processing and storage. It can result in reduced semen quality, embryonic or fetal death, endometritis and systemic infection and/or disease in the recipient female. Conventional techniques for isolation of bacteria and viruses from the semen do not always provide optimal results for various reasons, including lack of sensitivity and speed of testing, and difficult interpretation of the outcome. More recently, PCR tests are commonly used; they have a high sensitivity, the outcome is quickly obtained, and they are suitable for monitoring a large number of samples. The best strategy to prevent AI-transmitted diseases is to use boars that are free of specific pathogens, to monitor the animals and semen regularly, and to maintain very high biosecurity. Additional measures should be directed at treating semen with appropriate antimicrobials, and at reducing contamination during semen collection, processing, and storage. #

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Section: Mycoplasma Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases in swine transmitted by artificial insemination: An overview

et al. 2008

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“…However, it has been suggested that variable surfaceexposed lipoproteins (Vlp's) are likely the cause of inflammatory reactions in systemically infected pigs [9]. Although the main clinical picture of systemic infection is polyserositis and arthritis, M. hyorhinis has occasionally been associated with other diseases such as pneumonia [6][7][8]10,11], otitis and eustachitis [12][13][14], abortion [15], and conjunctivitis [16]. In general, conjunctivitis in swine is not considered a disease of high economic importance and, in consequence, diagnostic investigations are rather limited, mostly relating swine conjunctivitis to systemic viral or local chlamydia infections, and to irritating environmental substances or foreign bodies in the eye [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swine Conjunctivitis Associated with a Novel Mycoplasma Species Closely Related to Mycoplasma hyorhinis

Hennig-Pauka¹,

Sudendey²,

Kleinschmidt

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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Conjunctivitis in swine is a common finding, usually considered to be a secondary symptom of respiratory or viral systemic disease, or a result of irritation by dust or ammonia, or of local infections with Mycoplasma (M.) hyorhinis or chlamydia. In three unrelated swine farms in Germany with a high prevalence of conjunctivitis, a novel mycoplasma species, tentatively named Mycoplasma sp. 1654_15, was isolated from conjunctival swabs taken from affected pigs. Although 16S rRNA gene sequences shared highest nucleotide similarities with M. hyorhinis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, partial rpoB sequencing, and comparative whole genome analyses indicated the identification of a novel species within genus Mycoplasma. Noticeable differences between Mycoplasma sp. 1654_15 and M. hyorhinis were the lack of a vlp locus and the presence of a myo-inositol pathway in the genome of strain 1654_15. Since myo-inositol might be used as an alternative energy source by this pathogen on the conjunctival surface, robust colonization by outcompeting other bacteria could be the consequence. In summary, abundant isolation of Mycoplasma sp. 1654_15 from the conjunctiva of affected pigs, its close relationship to M. hyorhinis, and identification of a panel of coding sequences (CDSs) potentially associated with virulence and pathogenicity suggested a local eye disease caused by a so far unknown, highly specialized mycoplasma species.

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“…Arthritis and polyserositis in pigs 3-10 weeks of age are typical clinical signs of systemic infection; older piglets usually develop mild arthritis [1][2][3]. Mhr is also implicated in causing conjunctivitis [6], otitis media and eustachitis [7,8], abortion [9] and lung lesions [10]. Under experimental conditions, Mhr has been shown to induce pneumonia with typical mycoplasma-associated lesions like interstitial pneumonia and perivascular and peribronchial infiltration of lymphoid cells [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma hyorhinis as a possible cause of fibrinopurulent meningitis in pigs? - a case series

Bünger¹,

Brunthaler²,

Unterweger³

et al. 2020

Porc Health Manag

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Background Mycoplasma hyorhinis is an invader of the upper respiratory tract in swine that is considered to have ubiquitous distribution. It is mainly known for causing polyserositis and polyarthritis in weaned piglets, even though the mechanisms of systemic spread are not fully understood. Mycoplasma hyorhinis has also been associated with other diseases in pigs such as pneumonia or otitis media, but so far has not been known to cause central nervous disorders. This case series reports the isolation of Mycoplasma hyorhinis from cerebrospinal fluid and/ or meningeal swabs from piglets originating from four different piglet producing farms in Austria. Case presentation On farm 1, coughing, stiff movement and central nervous signs occurred in nursery piglets. Mycoplasma hyorhinis was the only pathogen isolated from meningeal swabs from two piglets showing central nervous signs. Fibrinopurulent leptomeningitis was only observed in one piglet. Only one of two nursery piglets from farm 2 showed mild central nervous signs but no histologic lesions; Mycoplasma hyorhinis was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of the piglet with neurologic signs. Mycoplasma hyorhinis was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of all three investigated piglets from farm 3, all of which showed central nervous signs and purulent leptomeningitis. Further, Streptococcus suis was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of one piglet. Fibrinopurulent leptomeningitis was detected in two piglets from farm 4 that had died overnight without showing any clinical signs and Mycoplasma hyorhinis was isolated from meningeal swabs from both piglets. Conclusion While causality has yet to be proven by experimental infection and in situ detection of the pathogen in histologic sections, the findings of this study and the absence of other pathogens suggest Mycoplasma hyorhinis as a potential causative agent of meningitis in swine.

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Identification and Characterization of Cytopathogenic Mycoplasma hyorhinis from Swine Farms with a History of Abortions

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Diseases in swine transmitted by artificial insemination: An overview

Diseases in swine transmitted by artificial insemination: An overview

Swine Conjunctivitis Associated with a Novel Mycoplasma Species Closely Related to Mycoplasma hyorhinis

Mycoplasma hyorhinis as a possible cause of fibrinopurulent meningitis in pigs? - a case series

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