Identification and characterization of new sources of resistance to Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in soybean lines

Abstract

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a pest of soybean [Glycine max L. (Merrill)] in Asia, and its recent establishment in North America has led to large, recurring outbreaks that have challenged pest management practitioners to seek environmentally responsible means for its control. Growth-chamber experiments identified resistance to A. glycines in soybean lines 'Perrin'; 'Tracy-M,' its glabrous near-isoline 'D88-5328,' and its densely pubescent near-isoline 'D88-5272'; 'D75-10169,' its glabrous near-isoline 'D90-9216,' and a densely pubescent near-isoline 'D90-9220.' Tracy-M and D75-10169 were antixenotic to A. glycines in host-selection tests. In no-choice nymphiposition tests, the number of nymphs deposited by A. glycines on D75-10169, Perrin, and Tracy-M did not differ from that on other lines after 24-and 48-h test periods. Under conditions in which A. glycines were free to distribute on plants over a 48-h period, aphids were found primarily on stems and trifoliolate leaves of Perrin, Tracy-M, D75-10169 and a resistant control, 'Dowling,' whereas the majority of aphids infesting susceptible lines '91B91' and 'Davis' were distributed on unifoliolate leaves. Irrespective of shoot structure, low numbers of A. glycines were found on Dowling compared to other lines. The mean number of days to reproductive maturity for A. glycines did not differ among lines. Aphis glycines produced fewer nymphs during the first 7 d of reproduction on Perrin, Tracy-M, D75-10169 and Dowling compared to Davis, and fewer A. glycines progeny were produced on D75-10169 and Dowling than on 91B91. Results show that Dowling continues to be a strong source of resistance to A. glycines. Perrin, Tracy-M, and D75-10169 have been used as sources of resistance to other insects, and discovery of resistance to A. glycines in these three lines may increase their utility in soybean breeding programs.

Antixenosis to the Soybean Aphid in Soybean Lines

“…Differential host selection was tested by introducing 90 apterous adult soybean aphids into the center of a circular arena comprising 6 plants of different soybean lines in four separate tests (designated I through IV) and counting adult aphids on each plant 48 h later [19]. Apterous soybean aphids are more practical to rear and handle than alates, and they have been successfully used to detect antixenosis in soybean lines [19,20,23], although it is winged aphids that choose host plants and colonize them in the field [13,15]. A total of sixteen soybean lines was tested ( Table 1).…”

“…In addition, inherent differences in plant size among plants within the same growth stage might confound host selection by arthropods, and some studies have measured plant size (e.g. height and dry mass) in order to account for associations between aphid host choice and plant size [16][17][18][19]. However, the value of such measurements to soybean choice tests in general is unknown.…”

“…Several lines have been identified as resistant to soybean aphid, with antibiosis as a dominant mode of resistance [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Not all of the studies conducted choice tests, but some of them identified antixenosis in various lines [20,23].…”

“…Not all of the studies conducted choice tests, but some of them identified antixenosis in various lines [20,23]. To date, soybean lines characterized with antixenosis include PI 71506, 'Dowling,' 'Jackson' and 'Palmetto' [19,20,23].…”

Mapping soybean aphid resistance genes in PI 567598B

“…Antixenosis affects insect behavior and is expressed as non-preference for certain plants. Researchers in the US have identified several aphidresistant germplasm accessions (Hill et al 2004;Mensah et al 2005;Diaz-Montano et al 2006;Hesler et al 2007;Hesler and Dashiell 2008;Mian et al 2008a). Genetic studies have shown that the antibiosis resistance in Dowling and Jackson were both controlled by a single dominant gene (Hill et al 2006a, b).…”