Identification and Characterization of Putative Secreted Antigens from<i>Babesia microti</i>

Homer, Mary J.; Lodes, Michael J.; Reynolds, Lisa D.; Zhang, Yanni; Douglass, John F.; McNeill, Patricia D.; Houghton, Raymond L.; Persing, David H.

doi:10.1128/jcm.41.2.723-729.2003

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The better performance of rBbSBP-4 than of rBbSBP-1 in diagnosis might be due to the characteristics of the native protein which is found abundantly in the cytosol of infected host cells in the late stage of division of the parasites and, consequently, in the supernatant of the culture (Terkawi et al, submitted). This allows a direct and longer exposure to host immune cells (17). Moreover, the analyses of the determinant's composition based on an in silico epitope are necessary to understand antigenic attributes of these molecules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spherical Body Protein 4 Is a New Serological Antigen for Global Detection of Babesia bovis Infection in Cattle

Terkawi

Huyên

Wibowo

et al. 2011

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Five Babesia bovis recombinant proteins, including merozoite surface antigen 2c (BbMSA-2c), C-terminal rhoptry-associated protein 1 (BbRAP-1/CT), truncated thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (BbTRAP-T), spherical body protein 1 (BbSBP-1), and spherical body protein 4 (BbSBP-4), were evaluated as diagnostic antigens to detect the infection in cattle. The recombinant proteins were highly antigenic when tested with experimentally B. bovis-infected bovine serum in Western blot analysis. Furthermore, five antisera that had been raised against each of the recombinant proteins reacted specifically with the corresponding authentic protein, as determined in Western blot analysis. Next, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using these recombinant proteins were evaluated for diagnostic use, and the sensitivity and specificity of each protein were demonstrated with a series of serum samples from experimentally B. bovis-infected cattle. Furthermore, a total of 669 field serum samples collected from cattle in regions of B. bovis endemicity in seven countries were tested with the ELISAs, and the results were compared to those of an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), as a reference. Among five recombinant antigens, recombinant BbSBP-4 (rBbSBP-4) had the highest concordance rate (85.3%) and kappa value (0.705), indicating its reliability in the detection of specific antibodies to B. bovis in cattle, even in different geographical regions. Overall, we have successfully developed an ELISA based on rBbSBP-4 as a new serological antigen for a practical and sensitive test which will be applicable for epidemiologic survey and control programs in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spherical Body Protein 4 Is a New Serological Antigen for Global Detection of Babesia bovis Infection in Cattle

Terkawi

Huyên

Wibowo

et al. 2011

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Moreover, the use of pooled patient sera as a probe for expression cloning has led to the identification of novel antigens from a number of bacterial organisms (11,19,21). Our initial objective was to expand the number of identified M. leprae protein antigens by serological expression cloning with pooled serum from a discrete number of untreated LL/BL patients.…”

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confidence: 99%

ML0405 and ML2331 Are Antigens ofMycobacterium lepraewith Potential for Diagnosis of Leprosy

Reece

Ireton

Mohamath

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Despite the success of multidrug therapy in reducing the number of registered leprosy cases worldwide, evidence suggests that Mycobacterium leprae continues to be transmitted. A serological diagnostic test capable of identifying and allowing treatment of early-stage disease could reduce transmission and prevent the onset of the disability, a common complication of the disease in later stages. Serological diagnosis based on antibody recognition of phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) cannot reliably identify individuals with lower bacterial indices (BI). One strategy that might improve this situation is the provision of highly specific serological antigens that may be combined with PGL-I to improve the sensitivity of diagnosis. Using serological expression cloning with a serum pool of untreated lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients, we identified 14 strongly reactive M. leprae proteins, 5 of which were previously unstudied. We present results suggesting that two of these proteins, ML0405 and ML2331, demonstrate the ability to specifically identify LL/borderline lepromatous (BL) patients on the basis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactivity. In a household contact study, LL index cases were identified on the basis of this reactivity, while household contacts of these patients demonstrated undetectable reactivity. At a serum dilution of 1:800, suitable to reduce background PGL-I IgM reactivity, two BL patients with a BI of <4 showed anti-human polyvalent immunoglobulin G, A, and M reactivity measured with a combination of ML0405, ML2331, and natural disaccharide O-linked human serum albumin (NDOHSA) (synthetic PGL-I) that was markedly higher than IgM reactivity to NDOHSA alone. We suggest that ML0405 and ML2331 may have utility in serological leprosy diagnosis.Leprosy is a devastating human disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium leprae bacilli. The disease predominantly affects the skin, although during infection, significant nerve destruction leads to deformities of the hand, foot, face, and, in some cases, eye (1). The disease is represented by a clinical spectrum. Lepromatous leprosy/borderline lepromatous (LL/ BL) patients represent one pole of the spectrum, demonstrating a high bacterial index (BI) and, as such, are classified as multibacillary (MB). LL/BL patients demonstrate high titers of M. leprae-specific antibodies and an absence of M. leprae-specific cell-mediated immunity. At the opposite pole, tuberculoid tuberculoid/borderline tuberculoid (TT/BT) patients demonstrate very low or absent BI and are designated paucibacillary. These individuals demonstrate significant M. leprae-specific cellmediated immunity and very low or absent titers of M. lepraespecific antibodies.Despite the success of multidrug therapy in reducing the number of registered leprosy cases worldwide, the annual rate of new case detection remains unchanged, at approximately 700,000 cases per year (33), with children representing 15% of new cases (18). This suggests that active transmission of M. leprae is still occurring, but the route and me...

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“…17 Because of the fact that people frequently have asymptomatic parasitemia following acute babesiosis, transfusion transmission of babesiosis remains a problem for To detect babesiosis during the early antibodynegative phase of acute infection, nucleic acid or antigenbased testing will likely need to be incorporated into blood screening strategies. 34,35 Although the risk of transfusion transmission of Babesia spp. remains low, 36 even in highly endemic areas, neonates constitute a subpopulation at increased risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Babesiosis

Fox

Wingerter²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2006

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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A case of transfusion-associated neonatal babesiosis is presented. Jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia developed in this preterm infant. The diagnosis was eventually made by blood smear, serology and polymerase chain reaction. The patient was treated with clindamycin and quinine and made a favorable recovery. Of neonatal babesiosis reported in the literature, 9 other cases are reviewed, including 6 that were transfusion-associated, 2 congenital and 2 tick transmitted.

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Identification and Characterization of Putative Secreted Antigens fromBabesia microti

Cited by 33 publications

References 33 publications

Spherical Body Protein 4 Is a New Serological Antigen for Global Detection of Babesia bovis Infection in Cattle

Spherical Body Protein 4 Is a New Serological Antigen for Global Detection of Babesia bovis Infection in Cattle

ML0405 and ML2331 Are Antigens ofMycobacterium lepraewith Potential for Diagnosis of Leprosy

Neonatal Babesiosis

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