Identification and characterization of the major pseudocoelomic proteins of the giant kidney worm, Dioctophyme renale

Abstract

Background: The giant kidney worm, Dioctophyme renale, is a debilitating and potentially lethal parasite that inhabits and destroys, typically host's right kidney, and may also be found in ectopic sites. It is circumglobally distributed, mainly in dogs, and is increasingly regarded as a threat to other domestic animals and humans. There is little information on the parasite's true incidence, or immune responses to it, and none on its biochemistry and molecular biology. Results: We characterised the soluble proteins of body wall, intestine, gonads and pseudocelomic fluid (PCF) of adult parasites. Two proteins, P17 and P44, dominate the PCF of both male and females. P17 is of 16,622 Da by mass spectrometry, and accounts for the intense red colour of the adult parasites. It may function to carry or scavenge oxygen and be related to the 'nemoglobins' found in other nematode clades. P44 is of 44,460 Da and was found to associate with fatty acids by thin layer chromatography. Using environment-sensitive fluorescent lipid probes, P44 proved to be a hydrophobic ligand-binding protein with a binding site that is highly apolar, and competitive displacement experiments showed that P44 binds fatty acids. It may therefore have a role in distributing lipids within the parasites and, if also secreted, might influence local inflammatory and tissue responses. N-terminal and internal peptide amino-acid sequences of P44 indicate a relationship with a cysteine-and histidinerich protein of unknown function from Trichinella spiralis. Conclusions: The dominant proteins of D. renale PCF are, like those of large ascaridids, likely to be involved in lipid and oxygen handling, although there is evidence of strong divergence between the two groups.

Immunoregulatory molecules secreted byTrichuris muris

“…What is unusual about T. muris (and by extrapolation about other Trichuris spp. and clade I nematodes (Giorello et al ., 2017 )), is the dominance of ES from adult parasites quantitatively by a single novel protein, in the case of T. muris , p43. This protein has been shown to depress IL-13 function, both in vitro and in vivo .…”

Die Urinuntersuchung bei Hund und Katze, Teil 2: Urinsedimentanalyse

“…Eine Infektion kann weltweit auftreten [108,109,111]. Derzeit existieren vor allem Berichte von infizierten Hunden aus Südamerika, Kanada und Griechenland [107][108][109][110][111][112][113]. Katzen sind sehr selten betroffen [114].…”

PARASITISMO POR Dioctophyme renale ENCONTRADO EM CÃES DE ABRIGOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO MATEUS DO SUL, ESTADO DO PARANÁ

“…Dentre os animais domésticos, o D. renale é observado com maior frequência em cães, principalmente, os errantes e semi-domiciliados, os quais, muitas vezes não tem acompanhamento periódico de um médico veterinário o que dificulta o diagnóstico do parasitismo (Kommers; Ilha; Barros, 1999). Os mesmos, possuem maior chance de se infectar através da ingestão acidental de anelídeos (HI) juntamente com água de valetas e banhados ou pelo consumo de anfíbios ou peixes crus (HP) (Giorello et al, 2017;Pedrassani et al, 2017). A importância dos hospedeiros paratênicos na transmissão de D. renale para os cães requer maiores estudos, pois os HP apresentam um pequeno número de larvas do parasito em seus tecidos e em relação aos peixes, inclui a dificuldade de captura dos mesmos (Pedrassani et al, 2017;Mascarenhas et al, 2019).…”