Identification and characterization of the donkey CSN1S2 I and II cDNAs

Cosenza, G.; Pauciullo, Alfredo; Annunziata, Annarosaria Lidia; Rando, A.; Chianese, Lina; Marletta, Donata; Iannolino, G.; Nicodemo, D.; Berardino, D. Di; Ramunno, L.

doi:10.4081/ijas.2010.e40

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Jones et al (1985) proposed that the casein genes evolved from an ancestral gene by a combination of intra- and inter-genic exon duplications. In this respect, some mammals, including horse, donkey, rodents, and rabbit, show two αs2-casein encoding genes ( CSN1S2 a and CSN1S2 b), which may have arisen by a relatively recent gene-duplication event and may represent examples of paralog duplication (Stewart et al, 1987; Ginger et al, 1999; Cosenza et al, 2010). Conversely, the analysis of the sequences in the intergenic region CSN2 - CSN3 of camelids did not evidence the existence of a second CSN1S2 gene ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Casein Gene Cluster in Camelids: Comparative Genome Analysis and New Findings on Haplotype Variability and Physical Mapping

et al. 2019

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The structure of casein genes has been fully understood in llamas, whereas in other camelids, this information is still incomplete. In fact, structure and polymorphisms have been identified in three ( CSN1S1 , αs1-CN; CSN2 , β-CN; CSN3 , κ-CN) out of four casein genes, whereas controversial information is available for the CSN1S2 (αs2-CN) in terms of structure and genetic diversity. Data from the genome analysis, whose assembly is available for feral camel, Bactrian, dromedary, and alpaca, can contribute to a better knowledge. However, a majority of the scaffolds available in GenBank are still unplaced, and the comparative annotation is often inaccurate or lacking.Therefore, the aims of this study are 1) to perform a comparative genome analysis and synthesize the literature data on camelids casein cluster; 2) to analyze the casein variability in two dromedary populations (Sudanese and Nigerian) using polymorphisms at CSN1S1 (c.150G > T), CSN2 (g.2126A > G), and CSN3 (g.1029T > C); and 3) to physically map the casein cluster in alpaca. Exon structures, gene and intergenic distances, large insertion/deletion events, SNPs, and microsatellites were annotated. In all camelids, the CSN1S2 consists of 17 exons, confirming the structure of llama CSN1S2 gene. The comparative analysis of the complete casein cluster (∼190kb) shows 12,818 polymorphisms. The most polymorphic gene is the CSN1S1 (99 SNPs in Bactrian vs . 248 in dromedary vs . 626 in alpaca). The less polymorphic is the CSN3 in the Bactrian (22 SNPs) and alpaca (301 SNPs), whereas it is the CSN1S2 in dromedary (79 SNPs). In the two investigated dromedary populations, the allele frequencies for the three markers are slightly different: the allele C at CSN1S1 is very rare in Nigerian (0.054) and Sudanese dromedaries (0.094), whereas the frequency of the allele G at CSN2 is almost inverted. Haplotype analysis evidenced GAC as the most frequent (0.288) and TGC as the rarest (0.005). The analysis of R-banding metaphases hybridized with specific probes mapped the casein genes on chromosome 2q21 in alpaca. These data deepen the information on the structure of the casein cluster in camelids and add knowledge on the cytogenetic map and haplotype variability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Casein Gene Cluster in Camelids: Comparative Genome Analysis and New Findings on Haplotype Variability and Physical Mapping

et al. 2019

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“…The major form (CSN1S2 I) consists of 19 exons and encodes a 221 amino acid protein, whereas the CSN1S2 II form is shorter (16 exons and 168 encoded amino acids). The existence of different splicing isoforms has been also suggested [24,25], whereas three main phosphorylated components have been described for α s2 -CN, each accounting for 10, 11, and 12 P/mole [19]. All these structural variations may influence protein allergenicity [26].…”

Section: Donkey Milk Caseinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Donkey Milk Proteins: Digestibility and Nutritional Significance

Marletta¹,

Tidona²,

Bordonaro³

2016

Milk Proteins - From Structure to Biological Properties and Health Aspects

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Donkey milk is particularly recommended for infant nutrition as substitute of cow milk in case of sensitive neonates showing cow milk protein allergies . Its protein composition and the ratio between caseins and whey proteins reveals a high similarity with human milk, thus, in the last years, an increasing interest arose to obtain a full characterisation of donkey milk proteins, here acknowledged. Digestibility data, mainly derived in vitro with human gastrointestinal enzymes, showed the high digestibility of donkey caseins and major whey proteins, except lysozyme and -lactalbumin which proved to be quite resistant. The reported antimicrobial properties of donkey milk open concrete possibilities to use donkey milk as natural food preservative. Due to its attractive healthy properties, donkey milk was investigated for useful applications or to develop novel foods characterised by a high nutritional profile.

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Identification and characterization of the donkey CSN1S2 I and II cDNAs

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Casein Gene Cluster in Camelids: Comparative Genome Analysis and New Findings on Haplotype Variability and Physical Mapping

Casein Gene Cluster in Camelids: Comparative Genome Analysis and New Findings on Haplotype Variability and Physical Mapping

Donkey Milk Proteins: Digestibility and Nutritional Significance

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