Identification and characterization of the causal agent of Dutch elm disease in Croatia

Katanić, Zorana; Krstin, Ljiljana; Ježić, Marin; Ćaleta, Bruno; Stančin, Paula; Zebec, Marko; Ćurković‐Perica, Mirna

doi:10.1007/s10342-020-01286-4

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…: MH283243; MH283246; EU977486; Although the symptoms of DED are often seen in Romania, including in the southwest part, the causal agent has not been recently or precisely identified at the subspecies level; the only information to date is the mention of SSNU presence in the 1940s by Brasier et al (1993Brasier et al ( , 2010 [24,63]. CU1-Fwd and CU2-Rev primers amplified a unique product of 934 base pairs (bp) while the PCR using oligonucleotides of the colony 1 gene (col1), Col1-F, and Col1-R produced a single amplicon of 482 bp, which are both the expected sizes for O. novo-ulmi isolates reported in previous studies by Konrad et al [19] and Katanić et al [64]. The amplicons described above were obtained for all isolates investigated in this study.…”

Section: Dna Isolation Pcr and Sequencing Of Pure Fungal Cultures Of ...mentioning

confidence: 58%

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Selection of Elms Tolerant to Dutch Elm Disease in South-West Romania

et al. 2022

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Ophoiostoma novo- ulmi continues to be one of the most dangerous invasive fungi, destroying many autochthonous elm forests and cultures throughout the world. Searching for natural genotypes tolerant to Dutch Elm Disease (DED) is one of the main objectives of silviculturists all over the northern hemisphere in order to save the susceptible elms and to restore their ecosystem biodiversity. In this regard, the first trial was established between 1991 and 1994, in south-west Romania (Pădurea Verde, Timișoara), using three elm species (Ulmus minor, U. glabra, and U. laevis) with 38 provenances. A local strain of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi was used to artificially inoculate all elm variants and the DED evolution was observed. Furthermore, in 2018–2021 the trial was inventoried to understand the local genotype reaction to DED in the local environmental conditions after almost 30 years. The outcomes of the present study proved the continuous presence of the infections in the comparative culture and its proximity, but the identified pathogen had a new hybrid form (found for the first time in Romania) between O. novo-ulmi ssp. Americana x O. novo-ulmi ssp. novo-ulmi. Wych elm (U. glabra) was extremely sensitive to DED: only 12 trees (out of 69 found in 2018) survived in 2021, and only one tree could be selected according to the adopted health criteria (resistance and vigour). The field elm (U. minor) was sensitive to the pathogen, but there were still individuals that showed good health status and growth. In contrast, the European white elm (U. laevis) proved constant tolerance to DED: only 15% had been found dead or presented severe symptoms of dieback. Overall, the results of this study report the diverse reactions of the Romanian regional elm genotypes to DED over the last three decades, providing promising perspectives for improving the presence of elms in the forest ecosystems of the Carpathian basin.

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Section: Dna Isolation Pcr and Sequencing Of Pure Fungal Cultures Of ...mentioning

confidence: 58%

“…novo-ulmi in Pădurea Verde reported in this study is the first identification of the hybrid in Romania. Its occurrence was predicted by previous studies which reported that the two subspecies tend to intensely hybridise when they meet, and thus, the hybrids can eventually replace the subspecies [15,17,19,24,62,[64][65][66].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Selection of Elms Tolerant to Dutch Elm Disease in South-West Romania

et al. 2022

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“…This is documented e.g. with RAPD and PCR-RFLP markers for DEDs of North American and Eurasian origin (Brasier and Kirk 2010;Katanić et al 2020), and with microsatellites for American and European lines of the chestnut blight fungus C. parasitica. The latter fungus originated initially from East Asia with native co-evolved tolerant chestnut species (e.g., Japanese Castanea crenata and Chinese C. mollissima) and has from there and from North America repeatedly been introduced into Europe as a severe disease on the European C. sativa (Demené et al 2019;Dutech et al 2010;Kubisiak et al 2007;Lovat and Donnelly 2019;Milgroom et al 2008).…”

Section: Comparative Genomics-within Fungal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying molecular and genetic methods to trees and their fungal communities

Müller

Kües

Budde

et al. 2023

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Forests provide invaluable economic, ecological, and social services. At the same time, they are exposed to several threats, such as fragmentation, changing climatic conditions, or increasingly destructive pests and pathogens. Trees, the inherent species of forests, cannot be viewed as isolated organisms. Manifold (micro)organisms are associated with trees playing a pivotal role in forest ecosystems. Of these organisms, fungi may have the greatest impact on the life of trees. A multitude of molecular and genetic methods are now available to investigate tree species and their associated organisms. Due to their smaller genome sizes compared to tree species, whole genomes of different fungi are routinely compared. Such studies have only recently started in forest tree species. Here, we summarize the application of molecular and genetic methods in forest conservation genetics, tree breeding, and association genetics as well as for the investigation of fungal communities and their interrelated ecological functions. These techniques provide valuable insights into the molecular basis of adaptive traits, the impacts of forest management, and changing environmental conditions on tree species and fungal communities and can enhance tree-breeding cycles due to reduced time for field testing. It becomes clear that there are multifaceted interactions among microbial species as well as between these organisms and trees. We demonstrate the versatility of the different approaches based on case studies on trees and fungi. Key points • Current knowledge of genetic methods applied to forest trees and associated fungi. • Genomic methods are essential in conservation, breeding, management, and research. • Important role of phytobiomes for trees and their ecosystems.

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“…Invasive phytopathogenic fungi have caused significant damage to several important tree species. The most well-known examples of such pathogens include Ophiostoma novo-ulmi ( Brasier and Buck, 2001 ; Solla et al, 2008 ; Katanić, 2020 ), Hymenoscyphus fraxineus ( Pautasso et al, 2013 ; Burokiene et al, 2015 ) and Cryphonectria parasitica ( Anagnostakis, 1987 ; Rigling and Prospero, 2018 ). Each fungal pathogen has been responsible for the serious dieback of trees in Europe and North America, jeopardizing forest ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological variations in hypovirus-infected wild and model long-term laboratory strains of Cryphonectria parasitica

et al. 2023

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IntroductionForest ecosystems are highly threatened by the simultaneous effects of climate change and invasive pathogens. Chestnut blight, caused by the invasive phytopathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, has caused severe damage to European chestnut groves and catastrophic dieback of American chestnut in North America. Within Europe, the impacts of the fungus are widely mitigated through biological control that utilizes the RNA mycovirus: Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1). Viral infections, similarly to abiotic factors, can cause oxidative stress in their hosts leading to physiological attrition through stimulating ROS (reactive oxygen species) and NOx production.MethodsTo fully understand the interactions leading to the biocontrol of chestnut blight, it is vital to determine oxidative stress damage arising during CHV1 infection, especially considering that other abiotic factors, like long-term cultivation of model fungal strains, can also impact oxidative stress. Our study compared CHV1-infected C. parasitica isolates from two Croatian wild populations with CHV1-infected model strains (EP713, Euro7 and CR23) that have experienced long-term laboratory cultivation.Results and DiscussionWe determined the level of oxidative stress in the samples by measuring stress enzymes’ activity and oxidative stress biomarkers. Furthermore, for the wild populations, we studied the activity of fungal laccases, expression of the laccase gene lac1, and a possible effect of CHV1 intra-host diversity on the observed biochemical responses. Relative to the wild isolates, the long-term model strains had lower enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and higher content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total non-protein thiols. This indicated generally higher oxidative stress, likely arising from their decades-long history of subculturing and freeze–thaw cycles. When comparing the two wild populations, differences between them in stress resilience and levels of oxidative stress were also observed, as evident from the different MDA content. The intra-host genetic diversity of the CHV1 had no discernible effect on the stress levels of the virus-infected fungal cultures. Our research indicated that an important determinant modulating both lac1 expression and laccase enzyme activity is intrinsic to the fungus itself, possibly related to the vc type of the fungus, i.e., vegetative incompatibility genotype.

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Identification and characterization of the causal agent of Dutch elm disease in Croatia

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Selection of Elms Tolerant to Dutch Elm Disease in South-West Romania

Selection of Elms Tolerant to Dutch Elm Disease in South-West Romania

Applying molecular and genetic methods to trees and their fungal communities

Physiological variations in hypovirus-infected wild and model long-term laboratory strains of Cryphonectria parasitica

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